Introduction to Public Librarianship 2nd ed. Proposal- August 2008

Introduction to Public Librarianship
2nd ed. Proposal- August 2008

Kathleen de la Peña McCook, Distinguished University Professor
813-641-0109
kmccook@tampabay.rr.com
University of South Florida



1. The Landscape of Public Libraries in the 21st Century….. 2-3

2. History- Beginning- 1918 [might retitle]……………………. 4

3. History-1918-Present [might retitle]………………………… 5

4. Statistics, Standards, Planning, Results, evaluation……. 6-7

5. Organization, Law, Funding, Politics, Publicity, Advocacy…………… 8

6. Administration and Staffing…………………………………… 9-10

7. Structure and Infrastructure. Web sites. Library 2.0……… 11-13

8. Adult Services……………………………………………………. 14- 17

9. Youth Services [Linda Alexander]…………………………………………………….18-22

10. Connections: Associations, State Library Agencies, Standards, Rankings and Quality of Life…………………………………………. 23-26

11. Global Perspectives on Public Libraries [Barbara Ford]…………………… 27

12. Human Rights: A New Paradigm for Public Library Service in the Twenty First Century[ with K.Phenix]…………………………………………………. 28






















2nd ed. Proposal. ch. 1

1. The Landscape of Publc Libraries in the 21st Century


Chapter will be revised with the following new sources.

Updated PLA website
Source: [waiting for ALA website revision..exp. sometime Aug. 2008]

==
A full copy of the 2007 State of America's Libraries is available at www.ala.org/2007Statehttp://www.ala.org/ala/pressreleases2007/march2007/salexecsummary.htm
===
Long Overdue: A Fresh Look at Public and Leadership Attitudes about Libraries in the 21st Century. Public Agenda, 2006, Gates Foundation.
This report explores the true position of public libraries today, in the minds not only of library users, but of the people who run libraries and those who provide oversight and funding. This study is the first step in the development of a national agenda for libraries and library funding in the 21st century. Findings from this study indicate that, despite the vast and increasing amount of information available on the Internet, Americans feel that public libraries will continue to play a vital role in communities. In fact, many Americans contend that libraries are even more essential now than ever before. With so many businesses selling information, there is a need for public libraries to continue to provide vital information free of charge to anyone who needs it. This study also indicated that Americans hold very positive attitudes about the effectiveness of libraries compared with other public institutions. [This report was also funded by the Americans for Libraries Council.]
Source: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/
http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/1b/ee/8b.pdf
New sources of public library statistical overview:
IMLS: Statistics are collected from more than 9,000 public libraries. Data are available for individual public libraries and are also aggregated to state and national levels. Statistics at IMLS



The Institute of Museum and Library Services now administers the Public Library Survey and the State Library Agency Survey, [effective October 1, 2007]. From its inception in 1989 though 2007, these two surveys were administered by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). In anticipation of congressional appropriation, The National Center for Education Statistics and the Institute of Museum and Library Services are working cooperatively to implement this policy. The Institute is pleased to provide this important service. Current, accurate and ongoing collection of library data is an essential foundation for quality library services in the United States. The Institute is committed to the continued excellence of this program.
Source: http://harvester.census.gov/imls/publib.asp

National Public Library Statistics
Source: http://www.lrs.org/public/national.php

Library Systems Database: trends affecting public library systems between 2002 and 2006. Should be updated.
Source: http://data.gannettnewsservice.com/libraries/library_start.php

Compare Public Libraries allows users to compare one library (the library of interest) with similar libraries (the comparison group). For example, a user may wish to compare one library's total circulation with the total circulation of a group of libraries with similar total expenditures.
Source: http://harvester.census.gov/imls/compare/index.asp?LibraryType=&ContentType=AboutComparePublicLibraries

===
Case studies for overview data by state, select 2 or 3 such as Florida:
Source: http://librarydata.dos.state.fl.us/
American Library Association Office for Research and Statistics. (2008, March 26). Serving Non-English Speakers in U.S. Public Libraries: 2007 Analysis of Library Demographics, Services, and Programs. Source: http://www.ala.org/ala/olos/nonenglishspeakers/docs/Linguistic_Isolation_Report-2007.pdf
Role of Webjunction
Library Press
Library Publishers


2nd ed-Proposal-ch.2

History- Beginning- 1918 [might retitle]
========

Few paragraphs on Spanish colonial period and reading.

Christopher Schmidt-Nowara and John M. Nieto-Phillips.
Interpreting Spanish colonialism: empires, nations, and legends
Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2005.

Elliott, J.H. Empires of the Atlantic world: Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830. Yale.2006

New historical writing on this period to be integrated including:

Graham, P. T. A right to read: segregation and civil rights in Alabama's public libraries, 1900-1965. University of Ala. Press, 2002. 191 p.

Pollak, O. B. "The Library Spirit in Seward, Nebraska, 1888-1914". Nebraska Library Association Quarterly v. 35 no. 1 (Spring 2004) p. 15-20.

Gunselman, C. Cornelia Marvin and Mary Frances Isom: Leaders of Oregon's Library Movement. Library Trends v. 52 no. 4 (Spring 2004) p. 877-901.

Rice, S.P. Minding The Machine: Languages Of Class In Early Industrial America. University of California Press: Berkeley. 2004

Glynn, T. The New York Society Library: Books, Authority, and Publics in Colonial and Early Republican New York. Libraries & Culture v. 40 no. 4 (Fall 2005) p. 493-529.

Carmichael, J. V. J. Southern Librarianship and the Culture of Resentment. Libraries & Culture v. 40 no. 3 (Summer 2005) p. 324-52

William Bradford's books: Of Plimmoth Plantation and the printed word
Anderson, Douglas. Johns Hopkins University Press: 2003.

McCrossen, A. "One Cathedral More" or "Mere Lounging Places for Bummers"? The Cultural Politics of Leisure and the Public Library in Gilded Age America. Libraries & Culture v. 41 no. 2 (Spring 2006) p. 169-88








2nd ed-Proposal-ch.3

2nd ed-Proposal-ch.3


This chapter will cover 1918-2008. I will add new historical articles through a complete literature review.

Berry, John N. III. 2005. Election 2004.: The Library Fails Again. Perspectives, Insights & Priorities: 17 Leaders Speak Freely of Librarianship. Ed. Norman Horrocks. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, pp. 13-17.

Latham, Joyce M. 2007. “White Collar Read: The American Public Library and the Left-Led CIO: A Case Study of the Chicago Public Library, 1929-1952,” (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).

Kurutz, Gary F. 2009. It's a Long Trip from Headquarters': An Exhibit Celebrating Early County Library Service in California." California State Library Foundation Bulletin: 13-19.

Pawley, Christine. 2007. Blood and Thunder on the Bookmobile: American Public Libraries and the Construction of the Reader, 1950-1995. Augst and Carpenter, eds. Institutions of Reading: The Social Life of Libraries in the United States. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 264-282.

Horrocks, Norman. 2005. Perspectives, Insights & Priorities: 17 Leaders Speak Freely of Librarianship. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press
Phillips, Faye. 2008. To Build upon the Foundation: Charles Gayarré’s Vision for the Louisiana State Library. Libraries & the Cultural Record 43: 56-76.
Preer, Jean. 2008. Promoting Citizenship: How Librarians Helped Get Out the Vote in the 1952 Presidential Election. Libraries & the Cultural Record. 43: 1-28

Monroe, Margaret E. 2006. Memoirs of a Public Librarian. Madison, WI: School of Library and Information Studies.
Nasaw, David. 2006. Andrew Carnegie. New York: Penguin Press.

Stephens, Annabel K. 2004. The Founding and Early Development of Alabama Public Libraries: A Content Analysis of 116 of the Libraries' Written Histories. Alabama Librarian 54 (2004): 32-38.

Becker, Patti Clayton. 2005. Books and Libraries in American Society during World War II: Weapons in the War of Ideas. New York: Routledge.

Wertheimer, Andrew B. 2004. "Japanese American Community Libraries in America's Concentration Camps, 1942-1946," (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison).


LaRue, J. P. 2007. The New Inquisition: Understanding and Managing Intellectual Freedom Challengers. Westport, CT.

Lingo, M. 2003. Forbidden Fruit: The Banning of the Grapes of Wrath in the Kern County Free Library. Libraries & Culture 38 (fall): 351-377.

D’Angelo, Ed. 2006. Barbarians at the Gate of the Public Library. Duluth, MN: Library Juice Press.




2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 4.

Statistics, Standards, Planning and Results, and Evaluation

New sources of public library statistical overview:
IMLS: Statistics are collected from more than 9,000 public libraries. Data are available for individual public libraries and are also aggregated to state and national levels. Statistics at IMLS



The Institute of Museum and Library Services now administers the Public Library Survey and the State Library Agency Survey, [effective October 1, 2007]. From its inception in 1989 though 2007, these two surveys were administered by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). In anticipation of congressional appropriation, The National Center for Education Statistics and the Institute of Museum and Library Services are working cooperatively to implement this policy. The Institute is pleased to provide this important service. Current, accurate and ongoing collection of library data is an essential foundation for quality library services in the United States. The Institute is committed to the continued excellence of this program.
Source: http://harvester.census.gov/imls/publib.asp

National Public Library Statistics
Source: http://www.lrs.org/public/national.php

Library Systems Database: trends affecting public library systems between 2002 and 2006. Should be updated.
Source: http://data.gannettnewsservice.com/libraries/library_start.php

Compare Public Libraries allows users to compare one library (the library of interest) with similar libraries (the comparison group). For example, a user may wish to compare one library's total circulation with the total circulation of a group of libraries with similar total expenditures.
Source: http://harvester.census.gov/imls/compare/index.asp?LibraryType=&ContentType=AboutComparePublicLibraries



This chapter will need several pages revision because in 2008 the PLA issued a new planning manual; new sources of statistics (IMLS) and a need to emphasize evaluation.

[The 18 Service Responses will be used throughout the text where appropriate].

Strategic Planning for Results
Sandra Nelson for the Public Library Association

ALA Editions [Strategic Planning for Results is the fully revised version of Planning for Results, the foundational book in this groundbreaking series. 2008.


Gannett Database
http://data.gannettnewsservice.com/libraries/library_start.php


SANDRA NELSON and JUNE GARCIA
TITLE: What Are the Core Services Offered by Public Libraries? PLA Needs Your Help to Define the Unique Role of Public Libraries Today and into the Future.: Public Libraries 45 no5 48-51 S/O 2006
==

Eighteen service responses were selected by librarians through several years of meetings and interactive discussion. These are: 1) “Be an Informed Citizen: Local, National and World Affairs;” 2) “Build Successful Enterprises: Business and Nonprofit Support;” 3) Celebrate Diversity: Cultural Awareness;” 4) “Connect to the Online World: Public Internet Access;” 5) ”Create Young Readers: Early Literacy;” 6) “Discover Your Roots: Genealogy and Local History; “ 7) “Express Creativity: Create and Share Content;” 8)” Get Facts Fast: Ready Reference;” 9) “Know Your Community: Community Resources and Services; “ 10) “Learn to Read and Write: Adults, Teens and Family Literature; “ 11) “Make Career Choices: Job and Career Development;” 12) “Make Informed Decisions: Health, Wealth and Other Life Choices; “ 13) “Satisfy Curiosity: Lifelong Learning; “ 14) “Stimulate Imagination: Reading, Viewing and Listening for Pleasure;” 15) “Succeed in School: Homework Help;” 16) “Understand How to Find, Evaluate, and Use Information: Information Fluency; “ 17) “Visit a Comfortable Place: Physical and Virtual Spaces;” 18)”Welcome to the United States: Services for New Immigrants.”
Federal-State Cooperative System (FSCS) for Public Library Data has moved.
Public Libraries.
Statistics are collected from more than 9,000 public libraries, via the Federal State Cooperative System (FSCS). Data are available for individual public libraries and are also aggregated to state and national levels.
http://harvester.census.gov/imls/publib.aspv

Also, re-emphasize items mentioned in ‘Landscape.’

Evaluation [decide if this needs re-emphasis].

Van Fleet and Wallace
MEASURING RESULTS
Rubin, Rhea Joyce for the Public Library Association. Demonstrating Results: Using Outcome Measurement in Your Library. American Library Assn. (PLA Results). 2006. 176p. index. ISBN 0-8389-3560-5. pap. $50.
Assessing the impact of library programs and services on users' lives can be applied to enhance, change, or develop services in response to need and to attract funding, writes Rubin, a library consultant specializing in the planning and evaluation of library services, a trainer for PLA's "Planning for Results" program, and an outcome consultant for state libraries in California, Connecticut, and Massachusetts. Rubin suggests readers can use this book without referring to Sandra Nelson's The New Planning for Results, but since that title is referenced throughout Rubin's work, it pays to have some familiarity with it. Here, learn the why of outcome measurement, determining outcomes, making outcomes measurable, designing dataplans, implementing the plan, and getting the most from the results. Each chapter begins with a list of new vocabulary words, what the reader can expect to learn, and concludes with a list of key points for review. Case studies teach the targeted chapter concepts. Fourteen step-by-step work forms address unique needs and can be modified to fit a library's requirements. Tool kits include lists of sample outcomes, how to measure training outcomes, how to determine sampling sizes for maximum results, confidentiality forms, tips for developing questionnaires, and preparing, coding, and processing the data. Rubin's advice for measuring outcomes is very labor intensive, requiring generous staff commitment and time and is best used in conjunction with Nelson's book.

Keith Lance's resources on the Counting on Results study:

: Measuring for results : the dimension of public library effectiveness *
>By: Joseph R Matthews * Publisher: Westport, Conn. : Libraries Unlimited,
>2004. * ISBN: 1591581001 (revised in 2007)








2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 5

Organization, Law, Funding, Politics, Publicity, Advocacy


Milam, Danielle Patrick. 2008. Public Library Strategies for Building Stronger Economies and Communities. National Civic Review (fall): 11-16.

ADVOCACY:

ALA, Advocacy Resource Center {new website 9/1/2008)


See the 2008 Study :
From Awareness to Funding: A study of library support in America
Among the findings from the report:
• The library's most committed funding supporters are not the heaviest library users
• Perceptions of librarians are an important predictor of library funding support
• Voters who see the library as 'transformational' as opposed to 'informational' are more likely to increase taxes in its support
• Increasing support for libraries may not necessarily mean a trade-off with financial support for other public services
Who should libraries be targeting with advocacy efforts? This report suggests that targeting marketing messages to the right segments of the voting public is key to driving increased support for U.S. public libraries.
Then Review this site: American Library Association. Advocacy Resource Center.
and for [pick several state sites as examples]; Florida, see: http://www.flalib.org/advocacy.html


ILoveLibraries.org is a Web site designed for the people who use and love libraries. We want to keep you informed about everything libraries have to offer, as well as develop new ways to involve you in their continued health and vitality. Simply put, you love libraries, and we hope this Web site will keep it that way!



Library Success: A Best Practices Wiki.
This wiki was created to be a one-stop shop for great ideas and information for all types of librarians. All over the world, librarians are developing successful programs and doing innovative things with technology that no one outside of their library knows about. There are lots of great blogs out there sharing information about the profession, but there is no one place where all of this information is collected and organized. That's what we're trying to do.
http://www.libsuccess.org/index.php?title=Main_Page#Introduction
Walters, Suzanne. Library Marketing That Works. New York: Neal-Schuman, Inc, 2004. 3-257.
The author has a resume full of marketing, most notably for this case, a former Director of Marketing and Development for the Denver Public Library. Specifically written for libraries, this book offers insightful information on strategic planning, market planning processes, and new directions in marketing.
Fisher, P., & Pride, M. (2006). Blueprint for your library marketing plan: A guide to help you survive and thrive. Chicago: American Library Association.

Lear, B. A. "'Tis better to be brief than tedious"? The Evolution of the American Public Library Annual Report, 1876-2004,” Libraries & the Cultural Record:2006 vol:41 iss:4 pg:462 -486.
Role of National Library Week, John Cotton Dana Awards


2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 6
Administration and Staffing

Anne Turner
http://infopeople.org/workshop/instructor/795

UNIONS

accreditation

Libraries Prosper with Passion, Purpose and Persuasion: A PLA ToolKit For Success. Chicago: American Library Association, Public Library Association Division: American Library Association, 2007.

Brumley, Rebecca. The Neal-Schuman Director of Public Library Job Descriptions, 2005.



Update on Certification (which had just begun when the first ed. of book was published).

Certified Public Library Administrator (CPLA) designation.
http://www.ala-apa.org/certification/certfaq.html

The Certified Public Library Administrator program is a voluntary, post Master's certification program for public librarians with three years or more of supervisory experience.

Add information on: Library Support Staff Certification Program (LSSCP).

• The ALA-APA provides services to librarians and other library workers as support of comparable worth and pay equity initiatives, and other activities designed to improve the salaries and status of librarians and other library workers (see www.ala-apa.org/salaries/salaries.html).




UNIONS

"In 2006, 24.8% of librarians were union members; 27% were represented by unions."
"Union librarians earned an average of over 29% more than non-union librarians in 2006."
From: The Department for Professional Employees, AFL-CIO (DPE)
http://www.dpeaflcio.org/programs/factsheets/fs_2007_library_workers.htm



See also the blog Union Librarian
==

The ALA-APA provides services to librarians and other library workers in two primary areas:
• Certification of individuals in specializations beyond the initial professional degree (see www.ala-apa.org/certification/certification.html).
• Direct support of comparable worth and pay equity initiatives, and other activities designed to improve the salaries and status of librarians and other library workers (see www.ala-apa.org/salaries/salaries.html).

Certified Public Library Administrator (CPLA) designation.
http://www.ala-apa.org/certification/certfaq.html
If you go to http://www.ala-apa.org/certification/certification.html
you can see all the requirements for the public library certification
program.

The Certified Public Library Administrator program is a voluntary, post Master's certification program for public librarians with three years or more of supervisory experience. To find out more visit ALA-APA at www.ala-apa.org.

=========
Trustees (possible merger of ALTA and Friends, update)

Arns, J. (2007, July). Challenges in governance: The leadership characteristics and behaviors valued by public library trustees in times of conflict and contention. The Library Quarterly, 77, 287-310.

REVIEW NOTES FROM ARNS for additional citations

Gibbs, P., Cowser, C. S., Scarbrough, J., & Applegate, R. (2007). Public library trustees: Characteristics and educational preferences—a research study. Public Library Quarterly, 26, 21-43.

Moore, M. Y. (2005). The successful library trustee handbook. Chicago: American Library Association.

Todaro,Julie and Mark L. Smith, Training Library Staff and Volunteers to Provide Extraordinary Customer Service, Neal-Schuman, 2006.

Worth Their Weight: An Assessment of the Evolving Field of Library
Valuation
http://www.actforlibraries.org/pdf/WorthTheirWeight.pdf

takes stock of the new work being done in the field of
library valuation, puts that work into context, and provides recommendations
for building the field in terms of both research and applications.
The assessment was carried out by Americans for Libraries
Council (ALC) as part of its Building Knowledge for Advocacy
Initiative, supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and
involving experts from within and beyond the library community.
Coauthors of the study are Dr. Susan Imholz, consultant to ALC,
and Dr. Jennifer Weil Arns, University of South Carolina School of
Library and Information Science.
Worth Their Weight was prompted by the recognition that new approaches
to library advocacy are needed and that these approaches
must involve “making the case” for the public library in quantitative
terms. Government officials generally expect library directors
to be conversant with the language used in the business world,
without realizing that library valuation is only beginning to use
these sophisticated calculations and toolsets.

























2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 7

Structure and Infrastructure. Web sites. Library 2.0.



Structure

Stock Photo
The Branch Librarians' Handbook (ISBN: 0786418214 / 0-7864-1821-4)
Rivers, Vickie
Bookseller: Lilly's Books (Gahanna, OH, U.S.A.)
Bookseller Rating:
Quantity Available: 1
Book Description: McFarland & Company, 2004


Update:The Symbolism of the Public Library Building

The New Downtown Library: Designing with Communities
Shannon Christine Mattern.
2007 [try and get..very interesting].
How libraries became urban America’s signature buildings.

The past twenty years have seen a building boom for downtown public libraries. From Brooklyn to Seattle, architects, civic leaders, and citizens in major U.S. cities have worked to reassert the relevance of the central library. While the libraries’ primary functions—as public spaces where information is gathered, organized, preserved, and made available for use—have not changed over the years, the processes by which they accomplish these goals have. These new processes, and the public debates surrounding them, have radically influenced the utility and design of new library buildings.

In The New Downtown Library, Shannon Mattern draws on a diverse range of sources to investigate how libraries serve as multiuse public spaces, anchors in urban redevelopment, civic icons, and showcases of renowned architects like Rem Koolhaas, Cesar Pelli, and Enrique Norton. Mattern’s clear and careful analysis reveals the complexity of contemporary dialogues in library design, highlighting the roles that staff, the public, and other special interest groups play. Mattern also describes how the libraries manifest changing demographics, new ways of organizing collections and delivering media, and current philosophies of librarianship.

By identifying unifying themes as well as examining the differences among various design projects, Mattern brings to light the social forces, as well as their architectural expressions, that form the essence of new libraries and their vital place in public life.

Featured libraries are located in Brooklyn, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Nashville, New York, Phoenix, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Francisco, Seattle, and Toledo.


Buschman, John and Gloria J. Leckie. (eds.) Library as Place: History, Community and Culture. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited.2006.

This chapter especially:
"Seattle Public Library as Place: Reconceptualizing Space,Community, and Information at the Central Library," by Karen E. Fisher, Matthew L. Saxton, Phillip M. Edwards and Jens-Erik Mai, pp. 135-160.
==========

Green Library Movement.

=========

Heart of the Community: The Libraries We Love, book to sing the praises and show the beauty of our beloved public libraries.

SLIDE SHOW on Public Library Architecture
http://www.slate.com/id/2184927
Borrowed Time

Branches-more on the role of branches as buildings

Joint Use Libraries

Digital Book Mobile
http://www.overdrive.com/products/dlr/digitalbookmobile.asp


Bookmobiles/


Infrastructure
Section on Websites and Library 2.0 will be new.

Kroski, Ellyssa, Web 2.0 for Librarians and Information Professionals. Neal-Schuman, 2008.

This link is to the Public Library of Charlotte & Mecklenburg County's Learning Web 2.0 blog. using web 2.0 technology.
http://plcmcl2-about.blogspot.com/

Farcas, Meredith G. Social Software In Libraries: Building Collaboration, Communication, and Community Online. Medford, N.J. : Information Today, 2007.
This is a book about using social software to improve and augment services in public libraries. The chapter on gaming is an especially good overview of the topic. It offers real world practical examples on structure and implementation of gaming programs in libraries.
Begg De Groff, A. (2008). Using open source to give patrons what they want. Computers in Libraries, 58, 7-10.
The author, the director of IT for the busy Howard County Library in Maryland, describes how the patron computers were not exclusively being used to search the library catalog, but rather for many other reasons. She found that by asking the patrons what they wanted computer access for as well as by tracking internet activity (anonymously) that they had very specific needs. Nearly 80% of web activity in the system was used primarily for five websites: (in order of hits) MySpace, Google, the library catalog, Facebook and Yahoo! The patrons also wanted computers for word processing, mostly to type of resumes or complete job applications. The conclusion seemed obvious: the patrons wanted “desktops” that could offer web access, word processing, flash drive storage, audio and visual enhancements (for those with specific visual/auditory needs), CD playback and the ability to watch online videos. The answer to providing this broad spectrum of tools was Groovix, a Linux based open source software product that because it is open source, requires no licensing fees. The library system paid a consulting fee for some custom work and all told spent $3,000 which worked out to be less than $10 a computer. The results were that the costs decreased, help tickets decreased, the computer setup was streamlined, staff requested Linux on their desktops because they liked it so much and patrons spent even longer on the computers. The negative impact included confusion about timing out after 15 minutes of inactivity, explaining why the system is using an open source product to patrons and some incompatibility with Internet Explorer.
Chudnov, D. (2008). What librarians still don’t know about open source. Computers in Libraries, 28, 40-43.
Daniel Chudnov, the founder of the oss4lib website (Open Source Systems for Libraries www.oss4lib.org) and follower of the FLOSS movement (Free/Libre/Open Source Software) for 10 years, describes in detail some of the perceptions and misperceptions librarians have about FLOSS. The free software definition from www.fsf.org/licensing/essays/free-sw.html/view states that software is free if you have the ability to: run the program, study how the program works and adapt it to your needs, redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor and improve the program, and release those improvements to the public so the whole community benefits. In addition to these core elements, he emphasizes the importance of understanding that “free software” isn’t about the cost, rather it’s about freedom to do what you want with the software. He also points out that most librarians are using FLOSS already whether they know it or not.



Linux in action: A public library's success story
By Joe Barr on May 05, 2004 (8:00:00 AM)
http://www.linux.com/articles/35832





Public libraries report double-digit growth
in Internet services in one year
Availability of online homework help, e-books, premium Web content jump
CHICAGO – A new study clearly finds that America’s public libraries are breaking through traditional brick-and-mortar walls to serve more people online and in person.
America’s 16,543 public library buildings are leveraging technology to help children succeed in school and support lifelong learning. More than 83 percent now offer online homework resources, including live tutors and collections of reliable Web sources – up 15 percent in one year, according to “Libraries Connect Communities: Public Library Funding & Technology Access Study 2007-2008.”
The study, conducted by the American Library Association (ALA) and the Information Use Management and Policy Institute at Florida State University (FSU), shows today’s libraries are partners in learning – providing free access to expensive online resources that would otherwise be out of reach for most families, said ALA President Jim Rettig.
“As people change the ways they meet their educational, entrepreneurial and entertainment needs, libraries also change,” Rettig said. “Your library card is the smartest card you own – online, as well as in person.”
Samuel Mutch found this out when he logged on to Tutor.com’s Live Homework Help® through the Natrona County Public Library Web site in Casper, Wyo. He struggled with writing assignments and had a major research paper due in his seventh-grade English class. A live tutor was able to help him with his grammar and organizing the paper. “I got my best grade ever on that paper, and I could chat with a real tutor online just like I do with my friends,” he said. “The library has a lot of good stuff online.”
Students of all ages also can talk to librarians online, read full-text newspapers, take practice exams and research paper topics. The report found that 88 percent of all libraries and 98 percent of urban libraries offer subscription databases in virtually every subject – including history, literature and science – and area of interest, such as genealogy, auto repair and investing.
Libraries also reported increases in providing:
• Audiobooks and podcasts (available in 71 percent of U.S. public libraries);
• Digital reference via email, IM and chat (62.5 percent);
• e-books (52 percent);
• Video (49 percent); and
• Online instructional courses (43 percent).

“Libraries Connect Communities” found that 73 percent of libraries (and 83 percent of rural libraries) are the only source of free public access to computers and the Internet in their communities. This access has become even more important as families across the country struggle economically. As a result, many libraries have begun reporting double-digit growth in computer usage in 2008.
“Public libraries connect people to books, technology and educational programs – in the building and online – so they can remain informed and engaged citizens,” said Jill Nishi, deputy director of the U.S. Libraries initiative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which helped fund the study. “Local governments, businesses and private foundations must work together and help libraries secure and sustain the funding they need to continue to meet their communities’ unique needs.”
Libraries are increasing their connection speeds to allow for more Internet services and an improved online experience, but more than half of libraries say their access speed is inadequate to meet demand. Applications like distance education and multimedia, coupled with near-constant online use and shared wireless and desktop connections, strain available bandwidth. The Delaware County Library System in Pennsylvania, for instance, delayed offering an online tutoring service until its 1.5 Mbps connection was upgraded to fiber optics earlier this year.
As online content and information becomes more important to both patrons and the business of libraries, library staff time dedicated to helping people get and use online tools is mounting. Library staff reported that, on average, they spend 50 percent or more of their time managing technology and helping patrons learn how to use it effectively, according to “Libraries Connect Communities.”
Additional findings include:
• Funding data indicate libraries are relying more on non-tax funding sources;
• 66 percent of public libraries offer free wireless access, up about 12 percent over last year;
• Almost two-thirds of all public libraries provide 1.5Mbps or faster Internet access speeds, with a continuing disparity between urban (90 percent) and rural libraries (51.5 percent);
• 74 percent of libraries report their staff helps patrons understand and use e-government services, including enrolling in Medicare and applying for unemployment;
• 73.4 percent of libraries provide technology training to library patrons; and
• While the number of Internet computers available to the public climbed for the first time in several years, one in five libraries report there are consistently fewer computers than patrons who wish to use them throughout the day.
The 2007-2008 study, the second in a series, offers the most current national data available on technology access and funding in U.S. public libraries. It collected data through surveys from more than 5,400 public libraries, a questionnaire to the Chief Officers of State Library Agencies, and focus groups and site visits in New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Virginia. To view the final report, please visit www.ala.org/plinternetfunding. A bound copy of the report also is available for sale in the ALA Store, www.alastore.ala.org/.
-30-
The American Library Association is the oldest and largest library association in the world, with more than 65,000 members. Its mission is to promote the highest quality library and information services and public access to information. www.ala.org
The Information Use Management and Policy Institute at Florida State University conducts research that focuses on the information user, and the interaction of the user with information products, services, policies, technologies, and organizations. Of special interest is the planning and evaluation of networked and other information services. The Institute also conducts information policy research on current issues at Federal and state levels related to public access, privacy, records management, and use of information in electronic forms as well as other topics. www.ii.fsu.edu
Guided by the belief that every life has equal value, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation works to help all people lead healthy, productive lives. In developing countries, it focuses on improving people’s health and giving them the chance to lift themselves out of hunger and extreme poverty. In the United States, it seeks to ensure that all people -- especially those with the fewest resources -- have access to the opportunities they need to succeed in school and life. Based in Seattle, the foundation is led by CEO Patty Stonesifer and co-chair William H. Gates Sr., under the direction of Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett.



























2nd ed. Proposal-ch. 8
Adult Services


Overview

Stephens, A. K. (2006). Twenty-first century public library adult services. Reference and User Services Quarterly, 45(3), 223-235.
PLA’s 2008 planning guide, Strategic Planning for Results. Eighteen service responses most that relate to adults {selected by librarians through several years of meetings and interactive discussion).
KAY ANN CASSELL AND KATHLEEN WEIBEL
Public Library Response to Women and Their Changing Roles Revisited
Library Trends 56 no2 303-27 Fall 2007
The magazine publisher is the copyright holder of this article and it is reproduced with permission. Further reproduction of this article in violation of the copyright is prohibited.

These are:
1) “Be an Informed Citizen: Local, National and World Affairs;”
2) “Build Successful Enterprises: Business and Nonprofit Support;”
3) Celebrate Diversity: Cultural Awareness;”
4) “Connect to the Online World: Public Internet Access;”
5) ”Create Young Readers: Early Literacy;”
6) “Discover Your Roots: Genealogy and Local History; “
7) “Express Creativity: Create and Share Content;”
8)” Get Facts Fast: Ready Reference;”
9) “Know Your Community: Community Resources and Services; “
10) “Learn to Read and Write: Adults, Teens and Family Literature; “
11) “Make Career Choices: Job and Career Development;”
12) “Make Informed Decisions: Health, Wealth and Other Life Choices; “
13) “Satisfy Curiosity: Lifelong Learning; “
PAULO FREIRE
14) “Stimulate Imagination: Reading, Viewing and Listening for Pleasure;”
15) “Succeed in School: Homework Help;”
16) “Understand How to Find, Evaluate, and Use Information: Information Fluency; “
17) “Visit a Comfortable Place: Physical and Virtual Spaces;”
18)”Welcome to the United States: Services for New Immigrants.”
[ Nelson,S. Strategic Planning for Results. [PLA Results Series] American Library Association:Chicago, 2008, 143-217.]

Chapter will be organized around the service responses. Samples below; will include all.

1) “Be an Informed Citizen: Local, National and World Affairs
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., Langa, L. A., & McClure, C. R. (2006).
Drafted: I want you to deliver e-government. Library Journal, 131(13),
34-39. Available at

2) “Build Successful Enterprises: Business and Nonprofit Support.”

Making Cities Stronger: Public Library Contributions to Local Economic Development (Urban Libraries Council, 2007).
http://www.urbanlibraries.org/files/making_cities_stronger.pdf

8)” Get Facts Fast: Ready Reference;”
Kovacs, Diane K. The Virtual Reference Handbook, Neal-schuman, 2007.

10) “Learn to Read and Write: Adults, Teens and Family Literature; “
Weibel, Marguerite Crowley, Adult Learners Welcome Here, Neal-Schuman, 2007.


14) “Stimulate Imagination: Reading, Viewing and Listening for Pleasure” Reading
Brack, L., et al. (2007). CLASS: The Future of Adult Programming in the Public Library. Public Libraries, 46.3, 40-44.

Lianghzu Yu and Anne O'Brien, "Domain of Adult Fiction Librarianship," in Advances in Librarianship, vol, 20, ed. I. Godden (San Diego: Academic, 1996), 151-90.


Moyer, Judith E. "Adult Fiction Reading." RUSQ Spring 2005: 220-231.

Moyer, Judith E."Learning From Leisure Reading: A Study of Adult Public Library Patrons".:Reference & User Services Quarterly v. 46 no. 4 (Summer 2007) p. 66-79.2007

Ross,Catherine Sheldrick; McKechnie, Lynne (E.F.); and Rothbauer, P.M. Reading Matters: What the Research Reveals about Reading, Libraries and Community (Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2006.)


Older Users
Connecticut Library Consortium. (2008). Services to Older Adults (SOAR) Roundtable Resources. Retrieved on July 25, 2008, from: http://www.ctlibrarians.org/events/soar.html
The Connecticut Library Consortium Services to Older Adults Roundtable (SOAR) has developed this online forum, or compilation of ideas for programs/services for older adults. There are numerous and invaluable links here to services, products, devices, programs, and ideas for libraries serving older adults.
Libraries for the Future. Lifelong Access Libraries Initiative

16) “Understand How to Find, Evaluate, and Use Information: Information Fluency; “
Godwin, Peter, Information Literacy Meets Library 2.0, Neal-Schuman, 2008.

17) Visit a Comfortable Place: Physical and Virtual Spaces;”
Gaming, Learning and Libraries Symposium
ALATechSource


Scordato, Julie. “Gaming as a Library Service,” Public Libraries 47.1 (2008): 67-73.
This article counters many of the myths related to gaming by providing key demographic information about gamers. It suggests that despite many of the negative questions surrounding video games they can be a positive force in a community and in the lives of library patrons. This point is illustrated by quotes from parents, librarians, and teen patrons. This article is also very useful because of the practical information that it presents detailing the steps of setting up a library gaming program.

Ward-Crixell, Kit. "Gaming Advocacy." School Library Journal 53.9 (2007): 36-38. Library Literature & Information Science. EBSCOhost. GALILEO. 18 July 2008 .

Ward-Crixell summarizes the importance topics that were discussed at the Tech Source Gaming, Learning, and Libraries Symposium in Chicago, Illinois. The topics discussed by Ward-Crixell were reflective of the sessions that were held at the conference. The author concludes from her experience at the conference and in the examination of each topic that games can be used to further information literacy, a closer library community, attract new library users, and to make the library more enjoyable to all types of users.



18) Migrants

Jones, Plummer Alston, Jr. Still Struggling for Equality: American Public Library Services with Minorities (Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2004) 269 pp. $65.00 ISBN 1-59158-243-1.




2nd ed. Proposal- ch. 9.


Update chapter with following sources:


Fasick, A. M., et. al., Managing children's services in the public library. 3rd ed. Libraries Unlimited, 2008. 248 p.

Michael Sullivan. Fundamentals of Children's Services. ALA, 2005.
0-8389-0907-8. $45. Reviewed by Marylaine Block
-- written by one of the most interesting people in our profession, Michael Sullivan, who has made a career out of turning around dying small-town libraries and showing boys that books and libraries are fun. It would be easy to assume that this is purely a tome to be read in library school by aspiring children's and YA librarians, but that would be a mistake. Library managers who underpay children's librarians, place children's services at the bottom of their funding priorities and fail to enlist children's librarians in budgeting and strategic planning need to read this too. Why? Because kids are not only the future of public libraries, they are
the present as well. Ignore them, and those who understand their needs, at your peril.
=



========
SUMMER READING is of much importance::


Fiore, Carole. 2007. Summer Library Reading Programs. New Directions for Youth Development 2007, no. 114: 85-98.


Krashen, S. and Shin, F. "Summer Reading and the Potential Contribution of the Public Library in Improving Reading for Children in Poverty," Public Library Quarterly 23(2004): 99-109.
=======

Address School and Public Library Cooperation


Martinez, Gilda. 2008. Public Libraries-Community Organizations Making Outreach Efforts to Help Young Children Succeed in School. School Community Journal 18, no. 1: 93-104.

26 Librarians from various counties in Maryland are interviewed to gather information on outreach programs and activities offered to provide services and materials to the neediest populations. The librarians conducted interviews with the patrons they served in outreach efforts to establish new ways and locations to better serve the community in non- traditional ways.


Ziarnik, N., (2003). School & Public Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association.

This book gives a history of the library and explains that school and public libraries began as a team and only much later separated. The author emphasizes the importance of these libraries continuing to work together and gives suggestion on how to achieve collaboration. The book also details instances where these libraries still work together for a common goal.
======

Homeschooled children as part of the public library role.

Furness, A. Helping homeschoolers in the library.
American Library Association, 2008. 139 p.

=



Family Literacy


Petruzzi, Tony, and Mary Frances Burns. 2006. A Literacy Where? A Public Library Finds Space to Promote and Provide Family Learning Activites. Public Library Quarterly 191, no. 7: 25.

ISSN: 01616846
Morley Library in Painesville, Ohio responds to the community’s declining literacy rate by proposing the space for a family learning center in the design of the new library. A community grant was awarded to assist in improving the student reading scores. Response was so overwhelming that the allocated space in the new library would not be sufficient. The community came together to raise funds to accommodate change orders and expand the space for the family learning center. Strong collaborations with the schools, awards of additional grants allowed more literacy programs for families to be developed.




======
BE SURE to be familiar with this most useful journal:
Saxton, B. "Information Tools: Using Blogs, RSS, and Wikis As Professional Resources." Young Adult Library Services v. 6 no. 2 (Winter 2008) p. 27-9.
Important issue (read all the parts if this interests you):
==========

Multicultural Issues



East, Kathy, and Rebecca L. Thomas. Across Cultures: A Guide to Multicultural Literature for Children. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2007.
This work is a unique resource for building a multicultural collection. There are 465 annotated bibliographies given of books under subjects on such common themes as proverbs and sayings, sports teams and spirit, or siblings and friendships. Descriptions of and lists of winners in the multicultural literature wards are given. The books listed are geared for K-6. Both authors are experienced librarians, with East a former Caldecott Committee chair and Thomas a former Caldecott Committee member.


Young Adults

==
Agosto, Denise. "WHY DO TEENS USE LIBRARIES?." Public Libraries 46.3 (May 2007): 55-61.

Czarnecki, Kelly. "Top Fifty Gaming Core Collection Titles." Young Adult Library Services 6.2 (2008): 36-38

This is a bibliography and summary of games useful to libraries. They are compiled and recommended by the Young Adult Library Service (YALSA). Titles are organized by age, game rating, publisher, and platform.

Farmer, L. S. J. (2005). Digital inclusion, teens, and your library: Exploring the issues and acting on them. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.When focusing on Youth and Teen programming it is imperative that the librarian not exclude the myriad ways that youth and teens should be able to use the library computers. The digital divide has not been conquered and no librarian should assume so. This text offers a detailed report on the need for extensive computer use, software use, and Internet programming for youth and teens in the public library and numerous ways to implement effective programming.
Flowers, Sarah. "Guidelines for Library Services to Teens." Young Adult Library Services 6.3 (Spring 2008): 4-7. This is the result of a joint project between the Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA) and the Reference and User Services Association (RUSA) to determine the unique service responses required for libraries working with teen patrons. Numerous of the other resources in this bibliography reference these guidelines as reasoning for providing the services they discuss. One of the primary guidelines is to “Use the most current information and communication technologies, the connections that they use on a daily basis, to provide information to teens” (6), with particular focus placed on digital homework resources and use of social networking technologies.

McLean, C. D. "Building Teen Communities Online: Listen, Listen, and Listen." Young Adult Library Services 5.4 (Summer2007 2007): 21-26.
News About Games and Gaming. 2008. American Library Association. 23 July 2008. .

Gaming, Social Networking
The American Library Association’s blog (currently maintained by Beth Gallaway) on news regarding gaming in libraries. This is a good resource for remaining up to date on gaming programs in other libraries, as well as for finding links to other Internet resources on gaming in libraries.
Teens & Social Networking in School & Public Libraries: A Toolkit for Librarians & Library Workers. January 2008. Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA). 23 July 2008. .
A toolkit developed by YALSA to educate librarians on social networking’s benefits and ways it can be used effectively to promote their library’s mission. There is also information on educating legislators and parents about its benefits in order to protect libraries’ access to social networking. This is useful for its many examples of social networking sites put to good use in Young Adult programs and for its extensive resource list.
YALSA's teen advisory group site (TAGS) - helping teens make their mark on libraries. http://www.ala.org/tags/

Community Partnerships
Reed, Sally Gardiner and Beth Nawalinsky. Even More Great Ideas for Libraries and Friends. Neal-Schuman, 2008.





Incorporate status report on Every Child Ready to Read® @ your library


Promotional materials are now available to help you publicize and promote your Every Child Ready to Read® @ your library® materials and workshops to parents, grandparents, preschool teachers, childcare providers and others in your community who are interested in early childhood literacy.

The public relations kit contains customizable templates for a poster, tabletop signs, bookmarks, flyers, newsletter articles, Web site copy, news release, a letter to send to preschool teachers and child care providers, logo and photos from the Every Child Ready to Read® brochures that can be used in your publications and on your Web site.

The kit can be downloaded from www.ala.org/everychild, by clicking on “Workshops,” then “Marketing Materials.” You may then customize and use the materials to promote Every Child Ready to Read® programs and services available at your library.

The Public Library Association (PLA) and the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) jointly developed the Every Child Ready to Read® @ your library® program to provide public libraries with vital tools to help prepare parents for their critical role as their child's first teacher. Based on research from the PLA/ALSC Early Literacy Initiative, the three Every Child Ready to Read® programs were developed to target parents and caregivers of children ages: 0-2 years-old (Early talkers), 2-3 years-old (Talkers) and 4-5 years-old (Pre-readers). Since the program's training and materials were introduced in 2004, hundreds of libraries have held programs for parents and caregivers to prepare them to help their children get ready to read. To learn more about the program, please visit www.ala.org/everychild.

Every Child Ready to Read® @ your library,




























2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 10

==
Connections: Associations, State Library Agencies, Standards, Rankings and Quality of Life
=====
Gracy, David B., II. “To Have the People of Texas See the Necessity for It: Laying the Foundation for the Texas State Library, 1835-1909,” Texas Library Journal 84 (Fall 2008): 102-107.
Hardy, Elaine. “The Georgia Public Library Service and Georgia's Public Libraries: A timeline of important events in Georgia public library history,” Georgia Library Quarterly 45 (Summer 2008): 12-18.

Review and discuss the role of IMLS and LSTA. Focus on LSTA ToolKit.

Several state strategic plans will be highlighted in the context of the history of LSA,LSCA, LSTA.


Standards

Highlight state standard development with examples:

Illinois:

Charm Ruhnke, “Revision of Serving Our Public: Standards for Illinois Public Libraries” Illinois Library Association Reporter 26 no3 14-16 Je 2008.


Texas:

Fleeger, Dale; Sullivan, Rebecca; Threadgill, Cathy.Joint Task Force on Public Library Standards and Accreditation.
Texas Library Journal 80 no2 66-8 Summ 2004.

Wisconsin
Wisconsin Public Library Standards. Fourth edition: November, 2005

MetaSource at Webjunction. http://ct.webjunction.org/28/articles/content/436213
A good overview source that will be updated for chapter.
1)Moorman, John A. “Standards for Public Libraries: A Study in Quantitative Measures of Library Performance as Found in State Public Library Documents.” Public Libraries (January/February 1997): 32-39. Moorman has described the way that many states have developed their own quantitative measures of resource-based library effectiveness to use when building the case for library funding.

===============

2) Important backgrounder from the Institute on Museum and Library Services:
IMLS & STATE LIBRARY ROLE IN PUBLIC LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT.

The planning process we have studied enables individual libraries or library systems to submit plans to their respective state library to obtain funding. EACH STATE must also develop and submit a plan that goes to IMLS.
Through the Grants to States program, the Institute of Museum and Library Services provides funds to State Library Administrative Agencies (SLAAs) using a population-based formula. State libraries may use the appropriation to support statewide initiatives and services. They also may distribute the funds through subgrant competitions or cooperative agreements to public, academic, research, school, and special libraries in their state.

Each state has an IMLS-approved five-year plan outlining its programs. These programs support the LSTA goals, which are to:

* expand services for learning and access to information and educational resources in a variety of formats, in all types of libraries, for individuals of all ages;
* develop library services that provide all users access to information through local, state, regional, national, and international electronic networks;
* provide electronic and other linkages between and among all types of libraries;
* develop public and private partnerships with other agencies and community-based organizations;
* target library services to individuals of diverse geographic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds, to individuals with disabilities, and to individuals with limited functional literacy or information skills; and
* target library and information services to persons having difficulty using a library and to underserved urban and rural communities, including children from families with incomes below the poverty line.

State Libraries
State Library Agencies (StLAs) are the official agencies charged with state-wide library development and the administration of federal funds authorized by the Library Services and Technology Act. These agencies vary greatly. They are located in various departments of state government and report to different authorities. They are involved in various ways in the development and operation of electronic information networks. They provide different types of services to different types of libraries. StLAs are increasingly receiving broader legislative mandates affecting libraries of all types in the states (i.e., public, academic, school, special, and library systems). For example, their administrative and developmental responsibilities affect the operation of thousands of public, academic, school, and special libraries in the nation. http://harvester.census.gov/imls/stlib.asp

3) COSLA is an independent organization of the chief officers of state and territorial agencies designated as the state library administrative agency and responsible for statewide library development. Its purpose is to identify and address issues of common concern and national interest; to further state library agency relationships with federal government and national organizations; and to initiate cooperative action for the improvement of library services to the people of the United States.
Look at various .
================
4) State Standards, Rating, and Peer Comparison

The decision of the Public Library Association to move away from the model of national standards has not meant that the profession in general rejected the idea of standards for service. Although planning and the use of outcomes measures may be more effective for the actual development and delivery of library service, pragmatism has also necessitated that quantitative standards continue to be forged. Many states did continue to develop standards. It should also be noted that actions of the Public Library Association and the American Library Association which tend to be the narrative thread that is followed in this discussion, are by no means the entire story of the development of public library mission and direction. State library agencies through their own long-range planning, state library associations, federal entities such as the Department of Education’s Office of Library Programs, the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science, (and today the Institute on Museum and Library Services), private foundations, multi-type library consortia, library systems and local libraries and their boards are all participants in the constant process of deliberating on the goals and standards of public libraries.


Another method for comparing libraries has been developed by Thomas J. Hennen who compiles Hennen’s American Public Library Ratings (HAPLR) which appears annually in American Libraries. Hennen uses input and output measures to devise a weighted score for public libraries which he uses to rate library performance by population.
Also his Neal-Schuman book, Hennen's Public Library Planner [new edition?]



While neither the quantitative data provided by states, nor the ratings developed by Hennen conform to the PLA planning for results model, both methods are useful if a given library decides to use a benchmarking method for assessment. To facilitate benchmarking use COMPARE PUBLIC LIBRARIES .

============

Public Library Evaluation, Outcomes and Quality of Life


Matthews, Joseph. The Evaluation and Measurement of Library Services, Libraries Unlimited, 2007.

Rubin, Rhea Joyce for the Public Library Association. Demonstrating Results: Using Outcome Measurement in Your Library. American Library Assn. (PLA Results). 2006.


Analyze 2008 connections of librarianship to the Council for Community and Economic Research (formerly known as ACCRA) which is dedicated to helping to improve the skills of community and economic development researchers.
http://www.c2er.org/about.asp



There are a number of organizations that provide background on the use of community indicators, notably Redefining Progress which recognizes the national movement to use community indicators to change community outcomes. Sustainability indicators provide a roadmap for public policy. An effective set of indicators highlights critical social, economic, and environmental problems and provides a way to measure the effectiveness of programs designed to alleviate these problems.

It is far more compelling, however, for library indicators—whether used by the profession or by larger quality of life initiatives---to be outcomes rather than inputs. Several recent research projects demonstrate this approach to the evaluation of public library services.
Joan Durrance and Karen Fisher-Pettigrew conducted a study of the role of the public library in helping citizens obtain community information over the Internet.

The usefulness of the planning for results model in measuring the effect of library service on people’s lives has been demonstrated using outcome based evaluation in the 2002 study, Counting on Results. Data from 45 public libraries in twenty states were collected and analyzed to demonstrate the importance of the library to the community.


There are two main reasons for considering the importance of libraries in the context of community indicator development. The first is the most pragmatic. If a service, such as public library service, is viewed as contributing to a better “quality of life” for a community, the service may be better supported and may attract additional resources from funding entities. If the service is missing from the list of indicators a community has deemed important enough to rank, then the service is far less likely to gain adequate support to execute its mission and goals. Libraries are generally included among services that community leaders suggest contribute to the quality of life of a community, but they are seldom identified as important enough to be included as an indicators.

We can change this by being alert to opportunity.
Some ideas:

Georgia community indicators:
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/commind/history.asp

Regional stewardship:
http://www.regionalstewardship.org/





























2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 11

Global Perspectives on Public Libraries


CANADA
http://collectionscanada.ca/about-us/012-514-e.html



Ellen Forsyth, Public Libraries and the Millennium Development Goals, IFLA Journal 31 no4 315-23 2005.

Promoting the global information commons: A commentary on the library and information implications of the WSIS Declaration of Principles.
IFLA, 6 June 2005. Retrieved 8 September 2005 from http://www.ifla.org/III/wsis070604.html

International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS). http://www.ifla.org/blueshield.htm

The Role of Libraries in Lifelong Learning
Final report of the IFLA project under the Section for Public
Libraries:
See pdf document: Public libraries and lifelong learning
In a society of lifelong learning public libraries will be nodes connecting the local learning setting – whether it is of a formal or informal kind – with the global resources of information and knowledge, public libraries can therefore play a role of fundamental importance in the development of future systems of lifelong learning. The development of the information and communication technology (ICT) has already laid the basis for the creation of information Networks, giving users even of small local public libraries access to the world wide sources of information. As mentioned before, public libraries offer guidance and training in how to search and use this information and rate the quality of information sources. Thus, public libraries can be said to qualify as important prerequisites for an informed democratic knowledge society.

Muhamad-Brandner, Catharina
Indigenous Cyberspace: The Maori Renaissance and its Influence on the Web Space of Aotearoa/New Zealand Information Studies v. 14 no. 2 (April 2008) p. 85-98.

R.I. Echezona
The Role of Libraries in Information Dissemination for Conflict Resolution, Peace Promotion and Reconciliation.
African Journal of Library, Archives & Information Science 17 no2 143-51 O 2007












2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 12

Human Rights: A New Paradigm for Public Library Service in the Twenty First Century


Public librarians derive the philosophical and ethical principles that guide our practice from transcendent ideals which are also embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This chapter will examine the importance of the public librarian's commitment to human rights as the ethical basis for library service. Recent violations of human rights in U.S. libraries library include closure; exclusion of the homeless; refusal to purchase Spanish-language materials; ordinances against gay pride display; and filtering.

SRRT
PLG













Introduction to Public Librarianship
2nd ed. Proposal- August 2008

Kathleen de la Peña McCook, Distinguished University Professor
813-641-0109
kmccook@tampabay.rr.com
University of South Florida



1. The Landscape of Public Libraries in the 21st Century….. 2-3

2. History- Beginning- 1918 [might retitle]……………………. 4

3. History-1918-Present [might retitle]………………………… 5

4. Statistics, Standards, Planning, Results, evaluation……. 6-7

5. Organization, Law, Funding, Politics, Publicity, Advocacy…………… 8

6. Administration and Staffing…………………………………… 9-10

7. Structure and Infrastructure. Web sites. Library 2.0……… 11-13

8. Adult Services……………………………………………………. 14- 17

9. Youth Services [Linda Alexander]…………………………………………………….18-22

10. Connections: Associations, State Library Agencies, Standards, Rankings and Quality of Life…………………………………………. 23-26

11. Global Perspectives on Public Libraries [Barbara Ford]…………………… 27

12. Human Rights: A New Paradigm for Public Library Service in the Twenty First Century[ with K.Phenix]…………………………………………………. 28






















2nd ed. Proposal. ch. 1

1. The Landscape of Publc Libraries in the 21st Century


Chapter will be revised with the following new sources.

Updated PLA website
Source: [waiting for ALA website revision..exp. sometime Aug. 2008]

==
A full copy of the 2007 State of America's Libraries is available at www.ala.org/2007Statehttp://www.ala.org/ala/pressreleases2007/march2007/salexecsummary.htm
===
Long Overdue: A Fresh Look at Public and Leadership Attitudes about Libraries in the 21st Century. Public Agenda, 2006, Gates Foundation.
This report explores the true position of public libraries today, in the minds not only of library users, but of the people who run libraries and those who provide oversight and funding. This study is the first step in the development of a national agenda for libraries and library funding in the 21st century. Findings from this study indicate that, despite the vast and increasing amount of information available on the Internet, Americans feel that public libraries will continue to play a vital role in communities. In fact, many Americans contend that libraries are even more essential now than ever before. With so many businesses selling information, there is a need for public libraries to continue to provide vital information free of charge to anyone who needs it. This study also indicated that Americans hold very positive attitudes about the effectiveness of libraries compared with other public institutions. [This report was also funded by the Americans for Libraries Council.]
Source: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/
http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/1b/ee/8b.pdf
New sources of public library statistical overview:
IMLS: Statistics are collected from more than 9,000 public libraries. Data are available for individual public libraries and are also aggregated to state and national levels. Statistics at IMLS



The Institute of Museum and Library Services now administers the Public Library Survey and the State Library Agency Survey, [effective October 1, 2007]. From its inception in 1989 though 2007, these two surveys were administered by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). In anticipation of congressional appropriation, The National Center for Education Statistics and the Institute of Museum and Library Services are working cooperatively to implement this policy. The Institute is pleased to provide this important service. Current, accurate and ongoing collection of library data is an essential foundation for quality library services in the United States. The Institute is committed to the continued excellence of this program.
Source: http://harvester.census.gov/imls/publib.asp

National Public Library Statistics
Source: http://www.lrs.org/public/national.php

Library Systems Database: trends affecting public library systems between 2002 and 2006. Should be updated.
Source: http://data.gannettnewsservice.com/libraries/library_start.php

Compare Public Libraries allows users to compare one library (the library of interest) with similar libraries (the comparison group). For example, a user may wish to compare one library's total circulation with the total circulation of a group of libraries with similar total expenditures.
Source: http://harvester.census.gov/imls/compare/index.asp?LibraryType=&ContentType=AboutComparePublicLibraries

===
Case studies for overview data by state, select 2 or 3 such as Florida:
Source: http://librarydata.dos.state.fl.us/
American Library Association Office for Research and Statistics. (2008, March 26). Serving Non-English Speakers in U.S. Public Libraries: 2007 Analysis of Library Demographics, Services, and Programs. Source: http://www.ala.org/ala/olos/nonenglishspeakers/docs/Linguistic_Isolation_Report-2007.pdf
Role of Webjunction
Library Press
Library Publishers


2nd ed-Proposal-ch.2

History- Beginning- 1918 [might retitle]
========

Few paragraphs on Spanish colonial period and reading.

Christopher Schmidt-Nowara and John M. Nieto-Phillips.
Interpreting Spanish colonialism: empires, nations, and legends
Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2005.

Elliott, J.H. Empires of the Atlantic world: Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830. Yale.2006

New historical writing on this period to be integrated including:

Graham, P. T. A right to read: segregation and civil rights in Alabama's public libraries, 1900-1965. University of Ala. Press, 2002. 191 p.

Pollak, O. B. "The Library Spirit in Seward, Nebraska, 1888-1914". Nebraska Library Association Quarterly v. 35 no. 1 (Spring 2004) p. 15-20.

Gunselman, C. Cornelia Marvin and Mary Frances Isom: Leaders of Oregon's Library Movement. Library Trends v. 52 no. 4 (Spring 2004) p. 877-901.

Rice, S.P. Minding The Machine: Languages Of Class In Early Industrial America. University of California Press: Berkeley. 2004

Glynn, T. The New York Society Library: Books, Authority, and Publics in Colonial and Early Republican New York. Libraries & Culture v. 40 no. 4 (Fall 2005) p. 493-529.

Carmichael, J. V. J. Southern Librarianship and the Culture of Resentment. Libraries & Culture v. 40 no. 3 (Summer 2005) p. 324-52

William Bradford's books: Of Plimmoth Plantation and the printed word
Anderson, Douglas. Johns Hopkins University Press: 2003.

McCrossen, A. "One Cathedral More" or "Mere Lounging Places for Bummers"? The Cultural Politics of Leisure and the Public Library in Gilded Age America. Libraries & Culture v. 41 no. 2 (Spring 2006) p. 169-88








2nd ed-Proposal-ch.3

2nd ed-Proposal-ch.3


This chapter will cover 1918-2008. I will add new historical articles through a complete literature review.

Berry, John N. III. 2005. Election 2004.: The Library Fails Again. Perspectives, Insights & Priorities: 17 Leaders Speak Freely of Librarianship. Ed. Norman Horrocks. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, pp. 13-17.

Latham, Joyce M. 2007. “White Collar Read: The American Public Library and the Left-Led CIO: A Case Study of the Chicago Public Library, 1929-1952,” (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).

Kurutz, Gary F. 2009. It's a Long Trip from Headquarters': An Exhibit Celebrating Early County Library Service in California." California State Library Foundation Bulletin: 13-19.

Pawley, Christine. 2007. Blood and Thunder on the Bookmobile: American Public Libraries and the Construction of the Reader, 1950-1995. Augst and Carpenter, eds. Institutions of Reading: The Social Life of Libraries in the United States. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 264-282.

Horrocks, Norman. 2005. Perspectives, Insights & Priorities: 17 Leaders Speak Freely of Librarianship. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press
Phillips, Faye. 2008. To Build upon the Foundation: Charles Gayarré’s Vision for the Louisiana State Library. Libraries & the Cultural Record 43: 56-76.
Preer, Jean. 2008. Promoting Citizenship: How Librarians Helped Get Out the Vote in the 1952 Presidential Election. Libraries & the Cultural Record. 43: 1-28

Monroe, Margaret E. 2006. Memoirs of a Public Librarian. Madison, WI: School of Library and Information Studies.
Nasaw, David. 2006. Andrew Carnegie. New York: Penguin Press.

Stephens, Annabel K. 2004. The Founding and Early Development of Alabama Public Libraries: A Content Analysis of 116 of the Libraries' Written Histories. Alabama Librarian 54 (2004): 32-38.

Becker, Patti Clayton. 2005. Books and Libraries in American Society during World War II: Weapons in the War of Ideas. New York: Routledge.

Wertheimer, Andrew B. 2004. "Japanese American Community Libraries in America's Concentration Camps, 1942-1946," (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison).


LaRue, J. P. 2007. The New Inquisition: Understanding and Managing Intellectual Freedom Challengers. Westport, CT.

Lingo, M. 2003. Forbidden Fruit: The Banning of the Grapes of Wrath in the Kern County Free Library. Libraries & Culture 38 (fall): 351-377.

D’Angelo, Ed. 2006. Barbarians at the Gate of the Public Library. Duluth, MN: Library Juice Press.




2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 4.

Statistics, Standards, Planning and Results, and Evaluation

New sources of public library statistical overview:
IMLS: Statistics are collected from more than 9,000 public libraries. Data are available for individual public libraries and are also aggregated to state and national levels. Statistics at IMLS



The Institute of Museum and Library Services now administers the Public Library Survey and the State Library Agency Survey, [effective October 1, 2007]. From its inception in 1989 though 2007, these two surveys were administered by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). In anticipation of congressional appropriation, The National Center for Education Statistics and the Institute of Museum and Library Services are working cooperatively to implement this policy. The Institute is pleased to provide this important service. Current, accurate and ongoing collection of library data is an essential foundation for quality library services in the United States. The Institute is committed to the continued excellence of this program.
Source: http://harvester.census.gov/imls/publib.asp

National Public Library Statistics
Source: http://www.lrs.org/public/national.php

Library Systems Database: trends affecting public library systems between 2002 and 2006. Should be updated.
Source: http://data.gannettnewsservice.com/libraries/library_start.php

Compare Public Libraries allows users to compare one library (the library of interest) with similar libraries (the comparison group). For example, a user may wish to compare one library's total circulation with the total circulation of a group of libraries with similar total expenditures.
Source: http://harvester.census.gov/imls/compare/index.asp?LibraryType=&ContentType=AboutComparePublicLibraries



This chapter will need several pages revision because in 2008 the PLA issued a new planning manual; new sources of statistics (IMLS) and a need to emphasize evaluation.

[The 18 Service Responses will be used throughout the text where appropriate].

Strategic Planning for Results
Sandra Nelson for the Public Library Association

ALA Editions [Strategic Planning for Results is the fully revised version of Planning for Results, the foundational book in this groundbreaking series. 2008.


Gannett Database
http://data.gannettnewsservice.com/libraries/library_start.php


SANDRA NELSON and JUNE GARCIA
TITLE: What Are the Core Services Offered by Public Libraries? PLA Needs Your Help to Define the Unique Role of Public Libraries Today and into the Future.: Public Libraries 45 no5 48-51 S/O 2006
==

Eighteen service responses were selected by librarians through several years of meetings and interactive discussion. These are: 1) “Be an Informed Citizen: Local, National and World Affairs;” 2) “Build Successful Enterprises: Business and Nonprofit Support;” 3) Celebrate Diversity: Cultural Awareness;” 4) “Connect to the Online World: Public Internet Access;” 5) ”Create Young Readers: Early Literacy;” 6) “Discover Your Roots: Genealogy and Local History; “ 7) “Express Creativity: Create and Share Content;” 8)” Get Facts Fast: Ready Reference;” 9) “Know Your Community: Community Resources and Services; “ 10) “Learn to Read and Write: Adults, Teens and Family Literature; “ 11) “Make Career Choices: Job and Career Development;” 12) “Make Informed Decisions: Health, Wealth and Other Life Choices; “ 13) “Satisfy Curiosity: Lifelong Learning; “ 14) “Stimulate Imagination: Reading, Viewing and Listening for Pleasure;” 15) “Succeed in School: Homework Help;” 16) “Understand How to Find, Evaluate, and Use Information: Information Fluency; “ 17) “Visit a Comfortable Place: Physical and Virtual Spaces;” 18)”Welcome to the United States: Services for New Immigrants.”
Federal-State Cooperative System (FSCS) for Public Library Data has moved.
Public Libraries.
Statistics are collected from more than 9,000 public libraries, via the Federal State Cooperative System (FSCS). Data are available for individual public libraries and are also aggregated to state and national levels.
http://harvester.census.gov/imls/publib.aspv

Also, re-emphasize items mentioned in ‘Landscape.’

Evaluation [decide if this needs re-emphasis].

Van Fleet and Wallace
MEASURING RESULTS
Rubin, Rhea Joyce for the Public Library Association. Demonstrating Results: Using Outcome Measurement in Your Library. American Library Assn. (PLA Results). 2006. 176p. index. ISBN 0-8389-3560-5. pap. $50.
Assessing the impact of library programs and services on users' lives can be applied to enhance, change, or develop services in response to need and to attract funding, writes Rubin, a library consultant specializing in the planning and evaluation of library services, a trainer for PLA's "Planning for Results" program, and an outcome consultant for state libraries in California, Connecticut, and Massachusetts. Rubin suggests readers can use this book without referring to Sandra Nelson's The New Planning for Results, but since that title is referenced throughout Rubin's work, it pays to have some familiarity with it. Here, learn the why of outcome measurement, determining outcomes, making outcomes measurable, designing dataplans, implementing the plan, and getting the most from the results. Each chapter begins with a list of new vocabulary words, what the reader can expect to learn, and concludes with a list of key points for review. Case studies teach the targeted chapter concepts. Fourteen step-by-step work forms address unique needs and can be modified to fit a library's requirements. Tool kits include lists of sample outcomes, how to measure training outcomes, how to determine sampling sizes for maximum results, confidentiality forms, tips for developing questionnaires, and preparing, coding, and processing the data. Rubin's advice for measuring outcomes is very labor intensive, requiring generous staff commitment and time and is best used in conjunction with Nelson's book.

Keith Lance's resources on the Counting on Results study:

: Measuring for results : the dimension of public library effectiveness *
>By: Joseph R Matthews * Publisher: Westport, Conn. : Libraries Unlimited,
>2004. * ISBN: 1591581001 (revised in 2007)








2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 5

Organization, Law, Funding, Politics, Publicity, Advocacy


Milam, Danielle Patrick. 2008. Public Library Strategies for Building Stronger Economies and Communities. National Civic Review (fall): 11-16.

ADVOCACY:

ALA, Advocacy Resource Center {new website 9/1/2008)


See the 2008 Study :
From Awareness to Funding: A study of library support in America
Among the findings from the report:
• The library's most committed funding supporters are not the heaviest library users
• Perceptions of librarians are an important predictor of library funding support
• Voters who see the library as 'transformational' as opposed to 'informational' are more likely to increase taxes in its support
• Increasing support for libraries may not necessarily mean a trade-off with financial support for other public services
Who should libraries be targeting with advocacy efforts? This report suggests that targeting marketing messages to the right segments of the voting public is key to driving increased support for U.S. public libraries.
Then Review this site: American Library Association. Advocacy Resource Center.
and for [pick several state sites as examples]; Florida, see: http://www.flalib.org/advocacy.html


ILoveLibraries.org is a Web site designed for the people who use and love libraries. We want to keep you informed about everything libraries have to offer, as well as develop new ways to involve you in their continued health and vitality. Simply put, you love libraries, and we hope this Web site will keep it that way!



Library Success: A Best Practices Wiki.
This wiki was created to be a one-stop shop for great ideas and information for all types of librarians. All over the world, librarians are developing successful programs and doing innovative things with technology that no one outside of their library knows about. There are lots of great blogs out there sharing information about the profession, but there is no one place where all of this information is collected and organized. That's what we're trying to do.
http://www.libsuccess.org/index.php?title=Main_Page#Introduction
Walters, Suzanne. Library Marketing That Works. New York: Neal-Schuman, Inc, 2004. 3-257.
The author has a resume full of marketing, most notably for this case, a former Director of Marketing and Development for the Denver Public Library. Specifically written for libraries, this book offers insightful information on strategic planning, market planning processes, and new directions in marketing.
Fisher, P., & Pride, M. (2006). Blueprint for your library marketing plan: A guide to help you survive and thrive. Chicago: American Library Association.

Lear, B. A. "'Tis better to be brief than tedious"? The Evolution of the American Public Library Annual Report, 1876-2004,” Libraries & the Cultural Record:2006 vol:41 iss:4 pg:462 -486.
Role of National Library Week, John Cotton Dana Awards


2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 6
Administration and Staffing

Anne Turner
http://infopeople.org/workshop/instructor/795

UNIONS

accreditation

Libraries Prosper with Passion, Purpose and Persuasion: A PLA ToolKit For Success. Chicago: American Library Association, Public Library Association Division: American Library Association, 2007.

Brumley, Rebecca. The Neal-Schuman Director of Public Library Job Descriptions, 2005.



Update on Certification (which had just begun when the first ed. of book was published).

Certified Public Library Administrator (CPLA) designation.
http://www.ala-apa.org/certification/certfaq.html

The Certified Public Library Administrator program is a voluntary, post Master's certification program for public librarians with three years or more of supervisory experience.

Add information on: Library Support Staff Certification Program (LSSCP).

• The ALA-APA provides services to librarians and other library workers as support of comparable worth and pay equity initiatives, and other activities designed to improve the salaries and status of librarians and other library workers (see www.ala-apa.org/salaries/salaries.html).




UNIONS

"In 2006, 24.8% of librarians were union members; 27% were represented by unions."
"Union librarians earned an average of over 29% more than non-union librarians in 2006."
From: The Department for Professional Employees, AFL-CIO (DPE)
http://www.dpeaflcio.org/programs/factsheets/fs_2007_library_workers.htm



See also the blog Union Librarian
==

The ALA-APA provides services to librarians and other library workers in two primary areas:
• Certification of individuals in specializations beyond the initial professional degree (see www.ala-apa.org/certification/certification.html).
• Direct support of comparable worth and pay equity initiatives, and other activities designed to improve the salaries and status of librarians and other library workers (see www.ala-apa.org/salaries/salaries.html).

Certified Public Library Administrator (CPLA) designation.
http://www.ala-apa.org/certification/certfaq.html
If you go to http://www.ala-apa.org/certification/certification.html
you can see all the requirements for the public library certification
program.

The Certified Public Library Administrator program is a voluntary, post Master's certification program for public librarians with three years or more of supervisory experience. To find out more visit ALA-APA at www.ala-apa.org.

=========
Trustees (possible merger of ALTA and Friends, update)

Arns, J. (2007, July). Challenges in governance: The leadership characteristics and behaviors valued by public library trustees in times of conflict and contention. The Library Quarterly, 77, 287-310.

REVIEW NOTES FROM ARNS for additional citations

Gibbs, P., Cowser, C. S., Scarbrough, J., & Applegate, R. (2007). Public library trustees: Characteristics and educational preferences—a research study. Public Library Quarterly, 26, 21-43.

Moore, M. Y. (2005). The successful library trustee handbook. Chicago: American Library Association.

Todaro,Julie and Mark L. Smith, Training Library Staff and Volunteers to Provide Extraordinary Customer Service, Neal-Schuman, 2006.

Worth Their Weight: An Assessment of the Evolving Field of Library
Valuation
http://www.actforlibraries.org/pdf/WorthTheirWeight.pdf

takes stock of the new work being done in the field of
library valuation, puts that work into context, and provides recommendations
for building the field in terms of both research and applications.
The assessment was carried out by Americans for Libraries
Council (ALC) as part of its Building Knowledge for Advocacy
Initiative, supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and
involving experts from within and beyond the library community.
Coauthors of the study are Dr. Susan Imholz, consultant to ALC,
and Dr. Jennifer Weil Arns, University of South Carolina School of
Library and Information Science.
Worth Their Weight was prompted by the recognition that new approaches
to library advocacy are needed and that these approaches
must involve “making the case” for the public library in quantitative
terms. Government officials generally expect library directors
to be conversant with the language used in the business world,
without realizing that library valuation is only beginning to use
these sophisticated calculations and toolsets.

























2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 7

Structure and Infrastructure. Web sites. Library 2.0.



Structure

Stock Photo
The Branch Librarians' Handbook (ISBN: 0786418214 / 0-7864-1821-4)
Rivers, Vickie
Bookseller: Lilly's Books (Gahanna, OH, U.S.A.)
Bookseller Rating:
Quantity Available: 1
Book Description: McFarland & Company, 2004


Update:The Symbolism of the Public Library Building

The New Downtown Library: Designing with Communities
Shannon Christine Mattern.
2007 [try and get..very interesting].
How libraries became urban America’s signature buildings.

The past twenty years have seen a building boom for downtown public libraries. From Brooklyn to Seattle, architects, civic leaders, and citizens in major U.S. cities have worked to reassert the relevance of the central library. While the libraries’ primary functions—as public spaces where information is gathered, organized, preserved, and made available for use—have not changed over the years, the processes by which they accomplish these goals have. These new processes, and the public debates surrounding them, have radically influenced the utility and design of new library buildings.

In The New Downtown Library, Shannon Mattern draws on a diverse range of sources to investigate how libraries serve as multiuse public spaces, anchors in urban redevelopment, civic icons, and showcases of renowned architects like Rem Koolhaas, Cesar Pelli, and Enrique Norton. Mattern’s clear and careful analysis reveals the complexity of contemporary dialogues in library design, highlighting the roles that staff, the public, and other special interest groups play. Mattern also describes how the libraries manifest changing demographics, new ways of organizing collections and delivering media, and current philosophies of librarianship.

By identifying unifying themes as well as examining the differences among various design projects, Mattern brings to light the social forces, as well as their architectural expressions, that form the essence of new libraries and their vital place in public life.

Featured libraries are located in Brooklyn, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Nashville, New York, Phoenix, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Francisco, Seattle, and Toledo.


Buschman, John and Gloria J. Leckie. (eds.) Library as Place: History, Community and Culture. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited.2006.

This chapter especially:
"Seattle Public Library as Place: Reconceptualizing Space,Community, and Information at the Central Library," by Karen E. Fisher, Matthew L. Saxton, Phillip M. Edwards and Jens-Erik Mai, pp. 135-160.
==========

Green Library Movement.

=========

Heart of the Community: The Libraries We Love, book to sing the praises and show the beauty of our beloved public libraries.

SLIDE SHOW on Public Library Architecture
http://www.slate.com/id/2184927
Borrowed Time

Branches-more on the role of branches as buildings

Joint Use Libraries

Digital Book Mobile
http://www.overdrive.com/products/dlr/digitalbookmobile.asp


Bookmobiles/


Infrastructure
Section on Websites and Library 2.0 will be new.

Kroski, Ellyssa, Web 2.0 for Librarians and Information Professionals. Neal-Schuman, 2008.

This link is to the Public Library of Charlotte & Mecklenburg County's Learning Web 2.0 blog. using web 2.0 technology.
http://plcmcl2-about.blogspot.com/

Farcas, Meredith G. Social Software In Libraries: Building Collaboration, Communication, and Community Online. Medford, N.J. : Information Today, 2007.
This is a book about using social software to improve and augment services in public libraries. The chapter on gaming is an especially good overview of the topic. It offers real world practical examples on structure and implementation of gaming programs in libraries.
Begg De Groff, A. (2008). Using open source to give patrons what they want. Computers in Libraries, 58, 7-10.
The author, the director of IT for the busy Howard County Library in Maryland, describes how the patron computers were not exclusively being used to search the library catalog, but rather for many other reasons. She found that by asking the patrons what they wanted computer access for as well as by tracking internet activity (anonymously) that they had very specific needs. Nearly 80% of web activity in the system was used primarily for five websites: (in order of hits) MySpace, Google, the library catalog, Facebook and Yahoo! The patrons also wanted computers for word processing, mostly to type of resumes or complete job applications. The conclusion seemed obvious: the patrons wanted “desktops” that could offer web access, word processing, flash drive storage, audio and visual enhancements (for those with specific visual/auditory needs), CD playback and the ability to watch online videos. The answer to providing this broad spectrum of tools was Groovix, a Linux based open source software product that because it is open source, requires no licensing fees. The library system paid a consulting fee for some custom work and all told spent $3,000 which worked out to be less than $10 a computer. The results were that the costs decreased, help tickets decreased, the computer setup was streamlined, staff requested Linux on their desktops because they liked it so much and patrons spent even longer on the computers. The negative impact included confusion about timing out after 15 minutes of inactivity, explaining why the system is using an open source product to patrons and some incompatibility with Internet Explorer.
Chudnov, D. (2008). What librarians still don’t know about open source. Computers in Libraries, 28, 40-43.
Daniel Chudnov, the founder of the oss4lib website (Open Source Systems for Libraries www.oss4lib.org) and follower of the FLOSS movement (Free/Libre/Open Source Software) for 10 years, describes in detail some of the perceptions and misperceptions librarians have about FLOSS. The free software definition from www.fsf.org/licensing/essays/free-sw.html/view states that software is free if you have the ability to: run the program, study how the program works and adapt it to your needs, redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor and improve the program, and release those improvements to the public so the whole community benefits. In addition to these core elements, he emphasizes the importance of understanding that “free software” isn’t about the cost, rather it’s about freedom to do what you want with the software. He also points out that most librarians are using FLOSS already whether they know it or not.



Linux in action: A public library's success story
By Joe Barr on May 05, 2004 (8:00:00 AM)
http://www.linux.com/articles/35832





Public libraries report double-digit growth
in Internet services in one year
Availability of online homework help, e-books, premium Web content jump
CHICAGO – A new study clearly finds that America’s public libraries are breaking through traditional brick-and-mortar walls to serve more people online and in person.
America’s 16,543 public library buildings are leveraging technology to help children succeed in school and support lifelong learning. More than 83 percent now offer online homework resources, including live tutors and collections of reliable Web sources – up 15 percent in one year, according to “Libraries Connect Communities: Public Library Funding & Technology Access Study 2007-2008.”
The study, conducted by the American Library Association (ALA) and the Information Use Management and Policy Institute at Florida State University (FSU), shows today’s libraries are partners in learning – providing free access to expensive online resources that would otherwise be out of reach for most families, said ALA President Jim Rettig.
“As people change the ways they meet their educational, entrepreneurial and entertainment needs, libraries also change,” Rettig said. “Your library card is the smartest card you own – online, as well as in person.”
Samuel Mutch found this out when he logged on to Tutor.com’s Live Homework Help® through the Natrona County Public Library Web site in Casper, Wyo. He struggled with writing assignments and had a major research paper due in his seventh-grade English class. A live tutor was able to help him with his grammar and organizing the paper. “I got my best grade ever on that paper, and I could chat with a real tutor online just like I do with my friends,” he said. “The library has a lot of good stuff online.”
Students of all ages also can talk to librarians online, read full-text newspapers, take practice exams and research paper topics. The report found that 88 percent of all libraries and 98 percent of urban libraries offer subscription databases in virtually every subject – including history, literature and science – and area of interest, such as genealogy, auto repair and investing.
Libraries also reported increases in providing:
• Audiobooks and podcasts (available in 71 percent of U.S. public libraries);
• Digital reference via email, IM and chat (62.5 percent);
• e-books (52 percent);
• Video (49 percent); and
• Online instructional courses (43 percent).

“Libraries Connect Communities” found that 73 percent of libraries (and 83 percent of rural libraries) are the only source of free public access to computers and the Internet in their communities. This access has become even more important as families across the country struggle economically. As a result, many libraries have begun reporting double-digit growth in computer usage in 2008.
“Public libraries connect people to books, technology and educational programs – in the building and online – so they can remain informed and engaged citizens,” said Jill Nishi, deputy director of the U.S. Libraries initiative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which helped fund the study. “Local governments, businesses and private foundations must work together and help libraries secure and sustain the funding they need to continue to meet their communities’ unique needs.”
Libraries are increasing their connection speeds to allow for more Internet services and an improved online experience, but more than half of libraries say their access speed is inadequate to meet demand. Applications like distance education and multimedia, coupled with near-constant online use and shared wireless and desktop connections, strain available bandwidth. The Delaware County Library System in Pennsylvania, for instance, delayed offering an online tutoring service until its 1.5 Mbps connection was upgraded to fiber optics earlier this year.
As online content and information becomes more important to both patrons and the business of libraries, library staff time dedicated to helping people get and use online tools is mounting. Library staff reported that, on average, they spend 50 percent or more of their time managing technology and helping patrons learn how to use it effectively, according to “Libraries Connect Communities.”
Additional findings include:
• Funding data indicate libraries are relying more on non-tax funding sources;
• 66 percent of public libraries offer free wireless access, up about 12 percent over last year;
• Almost two-thirds of all public libraries provide 1.5Mbps or faster Internet access speeds, with a continuing disparity between urban (90 percent) and rural libraries (51.5 percent);
• 74 percent of libraries report their staff helps patrons understand and use e-government services, including enrolling in Medicare and applying for unemployment;
• 73.4 percent of libraries provide technology training to library patrons; and
• While the number of Internet computers available to the public climbed for the first time in several years, one in five libraries report there are consistently fewer computers than patrons who wish to use them throughout the day.
The 2007-2008 study, the second in a series, offers the most current national data available on technology access and funding in U.S. public libraries. It collected data through surveys from more than 5,400 public libraries, a questionnaire to the Chief Officers of State Library Agencies, and focus groups and site visits in New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Virginia. To view the final report, please visit www.ala.org/plinternetfunding. A bound copy of the report also is available for sale in the ALA Store, www.alastore.ala.org/.
-30-
The American Library Association is the oldest and largest library association in the world, with more than 65,000 members. Its mission is to promote the highest quality library and information services and public access to information. www.ala.org
The Information Use Management and Policy Institute at Florida State University conducts research that focuses on the information user, and the interaction of the user with information products, services, policies, technologies, and organizations. Of special interest is the planning and evaluation of networked and other information services. The Institute also conducts information policy research on current issues at Federal and state levels related to public access, privacy, records management, and use of information in electronic forms as well as other topics. www.ii.fsu.edu
Guided by the belief that every life has equal value, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation works to help all people lead healthy, productive lives. In developing countries, it focuses on improving people’s health and giving them the chance to lift themselves out of hunger and extreme poverty. In the United States, it seeks to ensure that all people -- especially those with the fewest resources -- have access to the opportunities they need to succeed in school and life. Based in Seattle, the foundation is led by CEO Patty Stonesifer and co-chair William H. Gates Sr., under the direction of Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett.



























2nd ed. Proposal-ch. 8
Adult Services


Overview

Stephens, A. K. (2006). Twenty-first century public library adult services. Reference and User Services Quarterly, 45(3), 223-235.
PLA’s 2008 planning guide, Strategic Planning for Results. Eighteen service responses most that relate to adults {selected by librarians through several years of meetings and interactive discussion).
KAY ANN CASSELL AND KATHLEEN WEIBEL
Public Library Response to Women and Their Changing Roles Revisited
Library Trends 56 no2 303-27 Fall 2007
The magazine publisher is the copyright holder of this article and it is reproduced with permission. Further reproduction of this article in violation of the copyright is prohibited.

These are:
1) “Be an Informed Citizen: Local, National and World Affairs;”
2) “Build Successful Enterprises: Business and Nonprofit Support;”
3) Celebrate Diversity: Cultural Awareness;”
4) “Connect to the Online World: Public Internet Access;”
5) ”Create Young Readers: Early Literacy;”
6) “Discover Your Roots: Genealogy and Local History; “
7) “Express Creativity: Create and Share Content;”
8)” Get Facts Fast: Ready Reference;”
9) “Know Your Community: Community Resources and Services; “
10) “Learn to Read and Write: Adults, Teens and Family Literature; “
11) “Make Career Choices: Job and Career Development;”
12) “Make Informed Decisions: Health, Wealth and Other Life Choices; “
13) “Satisfy Curiosity: Lifelong Learning; “
PAULO FREIRE
14) “Stimulate Imagination: Reading, Viewing and Listening for Pleasure;”
15) “Succeed in School: Homework Help;”
16) “Understand How to Find, Evaluate, and Use Information: Information Fluency; “
17) “Visit a Comfortable Place: Physical and Virtual Spaces;”
18)”Welcome to the United States: Services for New Immigrants.”
[ Nelson,S. Strategic Planning for Results. [PLA Results Series] American Library Association:Chicago, 2008, 143-217.]

Chapter will be organized around the service responses. Samples below; will include all.

1) “Be an Informed Citizen: Local, National and World Affairs
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., Langa, L. A., & McClure, C. R. (2006).
Drafted: I want you to deliver e-government. Library Journal, 131(13),
34-39. Available at

2) “Build Successful Enterprises: Business and Nonprofit Support.”

Making Cities Stronger: Public Library Contributions to Local Economic Development (Urban Libraries Council, 2007).
http://www.urbanlibraries.org/files/making_cities_stronger.pdf

8)” Get Facts Fast: Ready Reference;”
Kovacs, Diane K. The Virtual Reference Handbook, Neal-schuman, 2007.

10) “Learn to Read and Write: Adults, Teens and Family Literature; “
Weibel, Marguerite Crowley, Adult Learners Welcome Here, Neal-Schuman, 2007.


14) “Stimulate Imagination: Reading, Viewing and Listening for Pleasure” Reading
Brack, L., et al. (2007). CLASS: The Future of Adult Programming in the Public Library. Public Libraries, 46.3, 40-44.

Lianghzu Yu and Anne O'Brien, "Domain of Adult Fiction Librarianship," in Advances in Librarianship, vol, 20, ed. I. Godden (San Diego: Academic, 1996), 151-90.


Moyer, Judith E. "Adult Fiction Reading." RUSQ Spring 2005: 220-231.

Moyer, Judith E."Learning From Leisure Reading: A Study of Adult Public Library Patrons".:Reference & User Services Quarterly v. 46 no. 4 (Summer 2007) p. 66-79.2007

Ross,Catherine Sheldrick; McKechnie, Lynne (E.F.); and Rothbauer, P.M. Reading Matters: What the Research Reveals about Reading, Libraries and Community (Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2006.)


Older Users
Connecticut Library Consortium. (2008). Services to Older Adults (SOAR) Roundtable Resources. Retrieved on July 25, 2008, from: http://www.ctlibrarians.org/events/soar.html
The Connecticut Library Consortium Services to Older Adults Roundtable (SOAR) has developed this online forum, or compilation of ideas for programs/services for older adults. There are numerous and invaluable links here to services, products, devices, programs, and ideas for libraries serving older adults.
Libraries for the Future. Lifelong Access Libraries Initiative

16) “Understand How to Find, Evaluate, and Use Information: Information Fluency; “
Godwin, Peter, Information Literacy Meets Library 2.0, Neal-Schuman, 2008.

17) Visit a Comfortable Place: Physical and Virtual Spaces;”
Gaming, Learning and Libraries Symposium
ALATechSource


Scordato, Julie. “Gaming as a Library Service,” Public Libraries 47.1 (2008): 67-73.
This article counters many of the myths related to gaming by providing key demographic information about gamers. It suggests that despite many of the negative questions surrounding video games they can be a positive force in a community and in the lives of library patrons. This point is illustrated by quotes from parents, librarians, and teen patrons. This article is also very useful because of the practical information that it presents detailing the steps of setting up a library gaming program.

Ward-Crixell, Kit. "Gaming Advocacy." School Library Journal 53.9 (2007): 36-38. Library Literature & Information Science. EBSCOhost. GALILEO. 18 July 2008 .

Ward-Crixell summarizes the importance topics that were discussed at the Tech Source Gaming, Learning, and Libraries Symposium in Chicago, Illinois. The topics discussed by Ward-Crixell were reflective of the sessions that were held at the conference. The author concludes from her experience at the conference and in the examination of each topic that games can be used to further information literacy, a closer library community, attract new library users, and to make the library more enjoyable to all types of users.



18) Migrants

Jones, Plummer Alston, Jr. Still Struggling for Equality: American Public Library Services with Minorities (Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2004) 269 pp. $65.00 ISBN 1-59158-243-1.




2nd ed. Proposal- ch. 9.


Update chapter with following sources:


Fasick, A. M., et. al., Managing children's services in the public library. 3rd ed. Libraries Unlimited, 2008. 248 p.

Michael Sullivan. Fundamentals of Children's Services. ALA, 2005.
0-8389-0907-8. $45. Reviewed by Marylaine Block
-- written by one of the most interesting people in our profession, Michael Sullivan, who has made a career out of turning around dying small-town libraries and showing boys that books and libraries are fun. It would be easy to assume that this is purely a tome to be read in library school by aspiring children's and YA librarians, but that would be a mistake. Library managers who underpay children's librarians, place children's services at the bottom of their funding priorities and fail to enlist children's librarians in budgeting and strategic planning need to read this too. Why? Because kids are not only the future of public libraries, they are
the present as well. Ignore them, and those who understand their needs, at your peril.
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========
SUMMER READING is of much importance::


Fiore, Carole. 2007. Summer Library Reading Programs. New Directions for Youth Development 2007, no. 114: 85-98.


Krashen, S. and Shin, F. "Summer Reading and the Potential Contribution of the Public Library in Improving Reading for Children in Poverty," Public Library Quarterly 23(2004): 99-109.
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Address School and Public Library Cooperation


Martinez, Gilda. 2008. Public Libraries-Community Organizations Making Outreach Efforts to Help Young Children Succeed in School. School Community Journal 18, no. 1: 93-104.

26 Librarians from various counties in Maryland are interviewed to gather information on outreach programs and activities offered to provide services and materials to the neediest populations. The librarians conducted interviews with the patrons they served in outreach efforts to establish new ways and locations to better serve the community in non- traditional ways.


Ziarnik, N., (2003). School & Public Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association.

This book gives a history of the library and explains that school and public libraries began as a team and only much later separated. The author emphasizes the importance of these libraries continuing to work together and gives suggestion on how to achieve collaboration. The book also details instances where these libraries still work together for a common goal.
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Homeschooled children as part of the public library role.

Furness, A. Helping homeschoolers in the library.
American Library Association, 2008. 139 p.

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Family Literacy


Petruzzi, Tony, and Mary Frances Burns. 2006. A Literacy Where? A Public Library Finds Space to Promote and Provide Family Learning Activites. Public Library Quarterly 191, no. 7: 25.

ISSN: 01616846
Morley Library in Painesville, Ohio responds to the community’s declining literacy rate by proposing the space for a family learning center in the design of the new library. A community grant was awarded to assist in improving the student reading scores. Response was so overwhelming that the allocated space in the new library would not be sufficient. The community came together to raise funds to accommodate change orders and expand the space for the family learning center. Strong collaborations with the schools, awards of additional grants allowed more literacy programs for families to be developed.




======
BE SURE to be familiar with this most useful journal:
Saxton, B. "Information Tools: Using Blogs, RSS, and Wikis As Professional Resources." Young Adult Library Services v. 6 no. 2 (Winter 2008) p. 27-9.
Important issue (read all the parts if this interests you):
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Multicultural Issues



East, Kathy, and Rebecca L. Thomas. Across Cultures: A Guide to Multicultural Literature for Children. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2007.
This work is a unique resource for building a multicultural collection. There are 465 annotated bibliographies given of books under subjects on such common themes as proverbs and sayings, sports teams and spirit, or siblings and friendships. Descriptions of and lists of winners in the multicultural literature wards are given. The books listed are geared for K-6. Both authors are experienced librarians, with East a former Caldecott Committee chair and Thomas a former Caldecott Committee member.


Young Adults

==
Agosto, Denise. "WHY DO TEENS USE LIBRARIES?." Public Libraries 46.3 (May 2007): 55-61.

Czarnecki, Kelly. "Top Fifty Gaming Core Collection Titles." Young Adult Library Services 6.2 (2008): 36-38

This is a bibliography and summary of games useful to libraries. They are compiled and recommended by the Young Adult Library Service (YALSA). Titles are organized by age, game rating, publisher, and platform.

Farmer, L. S. J. (2005). Digital inclusion, teens, and your library: Exploring the issues and acting on them. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.When focusing on Youth and Teen programming it is imperative that the librarian not exclude the myriad ways that youth and teens should be able to use the library computers. The digital divide has not been conquered and no librarian should assume so. This text offers a detailed report on the need for extensive computer use, software use, and Internet programming for youth and teens in the public library and numerous ways to implement effective programming.
Flowers, Sarah. "Guidelines for Library Services to Teens." Young Adult Library Services 6.3 (Spring 2008): 4-7. This is the result of a joint project between the Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA) and the Reference and User Services Association (RUSA) to determine the unique service responses required for libraries working with teen patrons. Numerous of the other resources in this bibliography reference these guidelines as reasoning for providing the services they discuss. One of the primary guidelines is to “Use the most current information and communication technologies, the connections that they use on a daily basis, to provide information to teens” (6), with particular focus placed on digital homework resources and use of social networking technologies.

McLean, C. D. "Building Teen Communities Online: Listen, Listen, and Listen." Young Adult Library Services 5.4 (Summer2007 2007): 21-26.
News About Games and Gaming. 2008. American Library Association. 23 July 2008. .

Gaming, Social Networking
The American Library Association’s blog (currently maintained by Beth Gallaway) on news regarding gaming in libraries. This is a good resource for remaining up to date on gaming programs in other libraries, as well as for finding links to other Internet resources on gaming in libraries.
Teens & Social Networking in School & Public Libraries: A Toolkit for Librarians & Library Workers. January 2008. Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA). 23 July 2008. .
A toolkit developed by YALSA to educate librarians on social networking’s benefits and ways it can be used effectively to promote their library’s mission. There is also information on educating legislators and parents about its benefits in order to protect libraries’ access to social networking. This is useful for its many examples of social networking sites put to good use in Young Adult programs and for its extensive resource list.
YALSA's teen advisory group site (TAGS) - helping teens make their mark on libraries. http://www.ala.org/tags/

Community Partnerships
Reed, Sally Gardiner and Beth Nawalinsky. Even More Great Ideas for Libraries and Friends. Neal-Schuman, 2008.





Incorporate status report on Every Child Ready to Read® @ your library


Promotional materials are now available to help you publicize and promote your Every Child Ready to Read® @ your library® materials and workshops to parents, grandparents, preschool teachers, childcare providers and others in your community who are interested in early childhood literacy.

The public relations kit contains customizable templates for a poster, tabletop signs, bookmarks, flyers, newsletter articles, Web site copy, news release, a letter to send to preschool teachers and child care providers, logo and photos from the Every Child Ready to Read® brochures that can be used in your publications and on your Web site.

The kit can be downloaded from www.ala.org/everychild, by clicking on “Workshops,” then “Marketing Materials.” You may then customize and use the materials to promote Every Child Ready to Read® programs and services available at your library.

The Public Library Association (PLA) and the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) jointly developed the Every Child Ready to Read® @ your library® program to provide public libraries with vital tools to help prepare parents for their critical role as their child's first teacher. Based on research from the PLA/ALSC Early Literacy Initiative, the three Every Child Ready to Read® programs were developed to target parents and caregivers of children ages: 0-2 years-old (Early talkers), 2-3 years-old (Talkers) and 4-5 years-old (Pre-readers). Since the program's training and materials were introduced in 2004, hundreds of libraries have held programs for parents and caregivers to prepare them to help their children get ready to read. To learn more about the program, please visit www.ala.org/everychild.

Every Child Ready to Read® @ your library,




























2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 10

==
Connections: Associations, State Library Agencies, Standards, Rankings and Quality of Life
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Gracy, David B., II. “To Have the People of Texas See the Necessity for It: Laying the Foundation for the Texas State Library, 1835-1909,” Texas Library Journal 84 (Fall 2008): 102-107.
Hardy, Elaine. “The Georgia Public Library Service and Georgia's Public Libraries: A timeline of important events in Georgia public library history,” Georgia Library Quarterly 45 (Summer 2008): 12-18.

Review and discuss the role of IMLS and LSTA. Focus on LSTA ToolKit.

Several state strategic plans will be highlighted in the context of the history of LSA,LSCA, LSTA.


Standards

Highlight state standard development with examples:

Illinois:

Charm Ruhnke, “Revision of Serving Our Public: Standards for Illinois Public Libraries” Illinois Library Association Reporter 26 no3 14-16 Je 2008.


Texas:

Fleeger, Dale; Sullivan, Rebecca; Threadgill, Cathy.Joint Task Force on Public Library Standards and Accreditation.
Texas Library Journal 80 no2 66-8 Summ 2004.

Wisconsin
Wisconsin Public Library Standards. Fourth edition: November, 2005

MetaSource at Webjunction. http://ct.webjunction.org/28/articles/content/436213
A good overview source that will be updated for chapter.
1)Moorman, John A. “Standards for Public Libraries: A Study in Quantitative Measures of Library Performance as Found in State Public Library Documents.” Public Libraries (January/February 1997): 32-39. Moorman has described the way that many states have developed their own quantitative measures of resource-based library effectiveness to use when building the case for library funding.

===============

2) Important backgrounder from the Institute on Museum and Library Services:
IMLS & STATE LIBRARY ROLE IN PUBLIC LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT.

The planning process we have studied enables individual libraries or library systems to submit plans to their respective state library to obtain funding. EACH STATE must also develop and submit a plan that goes to IMLS.
Through the Grants to States program, the Institute of Museum and Library Services provides funds to State Library Administrative Agencies (SLAAs) using a population-based formula. State libraries may use the appropriation to support statewide initiatives and services. They also may distribute the funds through subgrant competitions or cooperative agreements to public, academic, research, school, and special libraries in their state.

Each state has an IMLS-approved five-year plan outlining its programs. These programs support the LSTA goals, which are to:

* expand services for learning and access to information and educational resources in a variety of formats, in all types of libraries, for individuals of all ages;
* develop library services that provide all users access to information through local, state, regional, national, and international electronic networks;
* provide electronic and other linkages between and among all types of libraries;
* develop public and private partnerships with other agencies and community-based organizations;
* target library services to individuals of diverse geographic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds, to individuals with disabilities, and to individuals with limited functional literacy or information skills; and
* target library and information services to persons having difficulty using a library and to underserved urban and rural communities, including children from families with incomes below the poverty line.

State Libraries
State Library Agencies (StLAs) are the official agencies charged with state-wide library development and the administration of federal funds authorized by the Library Services and Technology Act. These agencies vary greatly. They are located in various departments of state government and report to different authorities. They are involved in various ways in the development and operation of electronic information networks. They provide different types of services to different types of libraries. StLAs are increasingly receiving broader legislative mandates affecting libraries of all types in the states (i.e., public, academic, school, special, and library systems). For example, their administrative and developmental responsibilities affect the operation of thousands of public, academic, school, and special libraries in the nation. http://harvester.census.gov/imls/stlib.asp

3) COSLA is an independent organization of the chief officers of state and territorial agencies designated as the state library administrative agency and responsible for statewide library development. Its purpose is to identify and address issues of common concern and national interest; to further state library agency relationships with federal government and national organizations; and to initiate cooperative action for the improvement of library services to the people of the United States.
Look at various .
================
4) State Standards, Rating, and Peer Comparison

The decision of the Public Library Association to move away from the model of national standards has not meant that the profession in general rejected the idea of standards for service. Although planning and the use of outcomes measures may be more effective for the actual development and delivery of library service, pragmatism has also necessitated that quantitative standards continue to be forged. Many states did continue to develop standards. It should also be noted that actions of the Public Library Association and the American Library Association which tend to be the narrative thread that is followed in this discussion, are by no means the entire story of the development of public library mission and direction. State library agencies through their own long-range planning, state library associations, federal entities such as the Department of Education’s Office of Library Programs, the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science, (and today the Institute on Museum and Library Services), private foundations, multi-type library consortia, library systems and local libraries and their boards are all participants in the constant process of deliberating on the goals and standards of public libraries.


Another method for comparing libraries has been developed by Thomas J. Hennen who compiles Hennen’s American Public Library Ratings (HAPLR) which appears annually in American Libraries. Hennen uses input and output measures to devise a weighted score for public libraries which he uses to rate library performance by population.
Also his Neal-Schuman book, Hennen's Public Library Planner [new edition?]



While neither the quantitative data provided by states, nor the ratings developed by Hennen conform to the PLA planning for results model, both methods are useful if a given library decides to use a benchmarking method for assessment. To facilitate benchmarking use COMPARE PUBLIC LIBRARIES .

============

Public Library Evaluation, Outcomes and Quality of Life


Matthews, Joseph. The Evaluation and Measurement of Library Services, Libraries Unlimited, 2007.

Rubin, Rhea Joyce for the Public Library Association. Demonstrating Results: Using Outcome Measurement in Your Library. American Library Assn. (PLA Results). 2006.


Analyze 2008 connections of librarianship to the Council for Community and Economic Research (formerly known as ACCRA) which is dedicated to helping to improve the skills of community and economic development researchers.
http://www.c2er.org/about.asp



There are a number of organizations that provide background on the use of community indicators, notably Redefining Progress which recognizes the national movement to use community indicators to change community outcomes. Sustainability indicators provide a roadmap for public policy. An effective set of indicators highlights critical social, economic, and environmental problems and provides a way to measure the effectiveness of programs designed to alleviate these problems.

It is far more compelling, however, for library indicators—whether used by the profession or by larger quality of life initiatives---to be outcomes rather than inputs. Several recent research projects demonstrate this approach to the evaluation of public library services.
Joan Durrance and Karen Fisher-Pettigrew conducted a study of the role of the public library in helping citizens obtain community information over the Internet.

The usefulness of the planning for results model in measuring the effect of library service on people’s lives has been demonstrated using outcome based evaluation in the 2002 study, Counting on Results. Data from 45 public libraries in twenty states were collected and analyzed to demonstrate the importance of the library to the community.


There are two main reasons for considering the importance of libraries in the context of community indicator development. The first is the most pragmatic. If a service, such as public library service, is viewed as contributing to a better “quality of life” for a community, the service may be better supported and may attract additional resources from funding entities. If the service is missing from the list of indicators a community has deemed important enough to rank, then the service is far less likely to gain adequate support to execute its mission and goals. Libraries are generally included among services that community leaders suggest contribute to the quality of life of a community, but they are seldom identified as important enough to be included as an indicators.

We can change this by being alert to opportunity.
Some ideas:

Georgia community indicators:
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/commind/history.asp

Regional stewardship:
http://www.regionalstewardship.org/





























2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 11

Global Perspectives on Public Libraries


CANADA
http://collectionscanada.ca/about-us/012-514-e.html



Ellen Forsyth, Public Libraries and the Millennium Development Goals, IFLA Journal 31 no4 315-23 2005.

Promoting the global information commons: A commentary on the library and information implications of the WSIS Declaration of Principles.
IFLA, 6 June 2005. Retrieved 8 September 2005 from http://www.ifla.org/III/wsis070604.html

International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS). http://www.ifla.org/blueshield.htm

The Role of Libraries in Lifelong Learning
Final report of the IFLA project under the Section for Public
Libraries:
See pdf document: Public libraries and lifelong learning
In a society of lifelong learning public libraries will be nodes connecting the local learning setting – whether it is of a formal or informal kind – with the global resources of information and knowledge, public libraries can therefore play a role of fundamental importance in the development of future systems of lifelong learning. The development of the information and communication technology (ICT) has already laid the basis for the creation of information Networks, giving users even of small local public libraries access to the world wide sources of information. As mentioned before, public libraries offer guidance and training in how to search and use this information and rate the quality of information sources. Thus, public libraries can be said to qualify as important prerequisites for an informed democratic knowledge society.

Muhamad-Brandner, Catharina
Indigenous Cyberspace: The Maori Renaissance and its Influence on the Web Space of Aotearoa/New Zealand Information Studies v. 14 no. 2 (April 2008) p. 85-98.

R.I. Echezona
The Role of Libraries in Information Dissemination for Conflict Resolution, Peace Promotion and Reconciliation.
African Journal of Library, Archives & Information Science 17 no2 143-51 O 2007












2nd ed-Proposal-ch. 12

Human Rights: A New Paradigm for Public Library Service in the Twenty First Century


Public librarians derive the philosophical and ethical principles that guide our practice from transcendent ideals which are also embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This chapter will examine the importance of the public librarian's commitment to human rights as the ethical basis for library service. Recent violations of human rights in U.S. libraries library include closure; exclusion of the homeless; refusal to purchase Spanish-language materials; ordinances against gay pride display; and filtering.

SRRT
PLG